Sexuality and Quality of Life in Postmodernism in University of México

This study analyzes the responses of a group of young University students from the state of Coahuila, México, in relation to variables on Quality of Life. Their responses are analyzed in two groups: sexually active young people, and those who do not. It seeks to find a different lifestyle in relation to Sexuality. They are young people aged between 17 and 25 years old. Although Sexuality is not mentioned as a part of quality life, it is certainly part of the physical, psychological and emotional health of people. Sexuality in Mexico is stigmatized, and deeply rooted in morality; that is why unplanned pregnancies are increasing and at an earlier age. Several authors refer changes in lifestyles between modernity and Postmodernity (Lechner, Lyotard, Lipovetsky, Lanceros, etc.) have been little explored in relation to the Quality of Life and the indicators that measure it. The results allow to affirm that studied youth perceive themselves in two different models of lifestyle: the sexual active with a tendency to postmodern styles, while the non-active, to modern lifestyles.

The controversy surrounding a definition of unified Quality of Life has not come to be clarified. The fact that since its inception has been linked to other psychological variables that involve themselves the concept of well-being, has made it possible that, to date, still many researchers do not clearly differentiate in their studies each concept or use it indistinct way (Urzúa & Caqueo-Urizar, 2012).
In addition to psychological and social indicators, another important indicator is the subjective perception of people. Urzúa and Caqueo cited Campbell and Rodgers (s.f); and where they say that some psychologists raised that subjective measurements could account for a higher percentage of variance in the Quality of Life of people, as psychological indicators such as happiness and satisfaction explained about 50% of the variance. Ardila (2003) and Morales (2013) referred by Guadarrama and collaborators, define Quality of Life as a state of general satisfaction, derived from the potential of the person and the combination of objective and subjective aspects that are based on five main domains: physical well-being, material well-being, social well-being, development activity and emotional well-being.
Trying to make an approach of the ontology of the term Quality of Life could see two dimensions that make it up: The objective dimension assumed by specific indicators. The other dimension is assumed as the subjective perception that people refer to themselves and their context. These two dimensions are divided in four contexts: health (physical, psychological and emotional), healthy family and healthy social and access to education (Hornquis, 1982;Shaw, 1977;Calman, 1987;Opong et al., 1987).

Quality of Life on Postmodern Youth
Also the term Quality of Life has evolved through almost seventy years, the living conditions have also revolutionized. Indicators have fallen into disuse and others have had to be incorporated (internet, social networks, mobile devices, etc.).
Lencher defined Postmodernism as a "climate" in which "a certain disenchantment with modernity" is manifested (1995), and modernity, as defined by Max Weber, is "the disenchantment of the world" (with regard to the religious view that took precedence over him), in that sense, postmodernity would become the disappointment of disenchantment. Like other authors, Lechner believes that Latin America was born under the sign of modernity through the encounter with the Western World in the XVI century, which also implies an encounter with "that other" indigenous. As a result, it changes the geographic chart and the mental maps simultaneously. Latin America is located at the origin of forms.
What can be expected from the Mexican case, which since its cultural foundation, refers to the transubstantiation of several clashing civilizations?
The post-mexicanism, which we could well define as a Mexican identity of the postmodern, is one of the cultural (and identity) faces.

Quality of Life and Sexuality
One of the factors that can be referred to as Quality of Life is the factor of being a propagated person.
Sexuality in a past puberty person is of great relevance to your physical and emotional health. This should not be confused with the initial age of sexual activity, nor less, the way in which it is exercised (with or without precaution). domestic. In general, the overall time of work of women is higher than men, which obviously takes away time to devote to activities of recreation, entertainment and social life.
Also in this survey (ENUT, 2009) refers to the mexicans to distribute the weekly hours on average to: sports and physical exercise (4 hours, 25 minutes), social life (7 hours 30 minutes), study activities (40 hours), Use of mass media (13 hours, 25 minutes). Rangel and García (2010) found in a Mexican University, that more than half of the students' population (56.6%) referred to lead active sexual life at the time of application of the instrument, with greater predominance in males (71%) than in women (49.3%).
Since 1998, Sigusch already mentioned that both, men and women, have the right to be sexed individuals, whether in their singleness or marriage, for the simple fact of being human beings. Guadarrama and collaborators (2014) conclude that the Quality of Life is a concept that is defined from the interaction of multiple factors such as, age, sex, satisfaction of needs, the perception that the subject has of himself and the contexts in which it overwhelms, the potentials with which it counts and can develop, and the practice of norms that express the morality of the context in which it lives, where it will be able to find the welfare and the satisfaction. In the same way, healthy Sexuality can be considered to be determinant for happiness, physical wellbeing and therefore the Quality of Life of people. Known sexual hyperactivity (lack of desire or sexual urge) is considered a decrease in physical health, and becomes prone to psychological disorders.

Method
The present research was quantitative in nature, because the form of data collection was numerical. It was not experimental, because the variables were not manipulated and transversal because the administration of the investigation was done in a single moment, a descriptive and comparative study was conducted.
A survey was used, which divided into three sections, the first one specifies the general data of the respondent with 15 variables, the second section consist of 6 ordinal questions, and the third section consists of 20 questions with a numerical scale (0-10) The sample selection was taken randomly, the strategy that was used for the selection of the participants was the method of random stratified sampling with equal proportion conformed by a total of 862 students. The sample was taken from 13 academic units. 44% are men and 56% women, with an average age of 20 years.

Procedure
At first, the survey pilot was conducted to calculate its reliability, and Cronbach's alpha score was 0.67, so it proceeded to make adjustments to the reagents of the survey, and re-conducted the survey and was applied again. It had a significant improvement in the Cronbach's alpha score (0.80).

Results
As seen in tables 2 and 3, the investigated students (862) refer that 44.9% are sexually active and 53.1% are nor active. 1.9% did not answer that question.  Subsequently the categorization of the 862 subjects, an independent T-test was performed by groups to know if they present significant differences in the 40 variables that were analyzed (which refer to the modern context or the postmodern context in Quality of Life).
Of the 40 variables, only in 19 were significant differences between the groups: sexual and non-active sexual assets. In the rest of the variables, no differences are present (21). Of the 19 variables with significant differences, in 15 of them there are higher averages in the group of sexually active; it highlights variables of physical activity, drinking alcohol, and greater freedom to do things.
The four variables where there are higher averages in the group of non-sexually active, are variables with content of spirituality, morality, and repentance.  Analyzing only the group of men (370), with the grouping variable Sexuality, from the 40 variables, just nine presented significant differences between the sexually active and not active. In the nine variables the averages were higher in the group of the assets. It highlights variables alcohol, social networks, and again freedom to do things. An analysis was then made to the women's group, dividing it in between active and non-sexually active (Table 7). Of the 40 variables analyzed, significant differences were presented in ten. In eight, the stockings were high in the active group and only in two in favor of the group of the non-active. The variables in favor of the sexually active, are variables like drinking alcohol, smoking, eating, social media and subversive characteristics. Instead of the non-active, they fall into the order of belief in God and spirituality. After the T-test, a concentration of the total of significant variables for men (after the analysis between active and non-active, Table 6) and for women (after analysis between active and non-active, Table 7) is presented, with the objective of visually contrast in which they coincide and in which there is difference. From 19 variable frequencies with significant differences in T-test (Table 8) In what belongs to women only the variables are characterized: excessive consumption of food, use of social networks, participate in cultural activities, protest, care for spirituality and the importance of believing in God. For the men's group, the variables that characterize it are: play with the cellphone, participate in cultural activities inside the school, excess shopping and make art belong to a prominent social group. In order to be able to establish a possible characterization between the school trajectory in elapsed time and the Sexuality, T-test was carries out by groups to know if there are differences in the Quality of Life of the students of initial semesters versus the students of advanced semesters.
From the seventh to the eleventh semesters (125) were grouped was advanced versus the students of initial trajectory (first semester: 269).  Among the students of initial trajectory, significant differences were presented in seven of the forty variables of Quality of Life, emphasizing that the sexually active the averages are higher in the variables: the risk of consumption of alcohol, the alcohol as way to have fun, addiction to smoking, compulsively buying. The non-active, give greater importance in believing in God and visiting museums instead of concerts. After the T-test, a concentration of the total of significant variables is presented for students with advanced trajectory (after the analysis between active and non-active, Table 11) and the student of initial trajectory (after the analysis between Active and non-active, Table 12), with the objective of visually contrasting in which they coincide and in which there is difference.
Of 8 variable frequencies with significant differences in T-test (

Discussion
It is assumed that Sexuality is an unavoidable element in the lifestyle of youth and people in general, but, when would be the ideal time to start with this practice? The controversy is increasing and the authors do not agree. It is known that Sexuality is a reality in young people. Other questions that arise are: When is a sexually active person considered? And, when do young people, in a courtship or relationship, needs to have sexual intercourse?
In Mexico, the initial age for sexual intercourse is becoming more at an early age. This does not imply the responsibility or culture of care in a sexual relationship. Although current practices of Sexuality are increasingly with an early sex education, which did not happen in other times.
Sexuality should certainly be considered as an indicator or the Quality of Life, as it is related to the physical, psychological and emotional health of the person. A person who exercises his Sexuality in a healthy way is happier (Hornquist, 1982;Shaw, 1977;Calman, 1987;Opong et al., 1987).

Conclusions
It can be discerned from the study's findings that women are characterized by excessive consumption of food, use of social networks, participation in cultural activities, protest, care of spirituality and the importance of believing in God, also Men are characterized by playing with the cell phone, participating in cultural activities within the school, buying excessively, making the art belong to a prominent social group.
On the other hand about students, initially sexually active students are characterized as having risk of alcohol consumption, as a way to have fun, addiction to tobacco, in addition to being compulsive buying. The non-active, give more importance to believe in God and visit museums instead of concerts and advanced students are characterized by attending museums instead of concerts, as well as having the risk of alcohol consumption and compulsive shopping.
The initiation of the sexual life of young people involves a number of drawbacks both in the family, at school and in society in general that leads to a role of behavior different from the one that has not initiated the sexual practices.
The family in Mexico still exhibits traits of moral, paternalistic and sometimes sexist. The sexuality of a child is viewed from two lenses very different. The first optic is how one perceives the woman as a girl of home, moral, respectful, with little facility to make social life always keeping his sexuality until his marriage. In return the optics to the male is in a sense of more sexual freedom, a symbol of the male with social development. That is, while sexuality is exacerbated in the male, the woman is repressed.
In the mexican education system the disadvantages in relation to sexuality are associated mainly with the lack of flexibility in schools without having public policies of support to: conditions not conducive to the infrastructure to pregnant women. The little support with scholarships or grants to parents waiting for a baby or already with children, this is associated as a strong factor in the school drop-out.
In the new generations of university students has already been a transition to more freedom, more rights, more impact of the social networks by copying sometimes external models with behaviors that were different to the young mexicans. This influence has meant that sexual practices are more liberal, at an earlier age. The role of the young people has been modified and now they are more sexual, they go out to social gatherings, smoke, drink alcohol, and the practice of casual sex is on the rise.
The government should take new strategies for these young post-modernists, since that is on the rise the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, that lead to casual sex without protection. Actions to promote sexual freedom but sexual education is solid. You must generate policies for the eradication of school dropouts through scholarships when there are unplanned pregnancies.
Without a doubt, sexuality is an inherent part of the human being, the social context, family, and school should move to a post-modernity, and a quality of life worthy of our young people.