Assessing the Results of Higher Secondary Level and Its Equivalence Examinations: An Empirical Study

This study aims to look at an assessment of the results of higher secondary level and its equivalence examinations of 2018 to unveil a 21st-century education system of Bangladesh. It aims to focus on the comparative discussion of the pass rate of different education boards. It would like to find out noticeable reasons for unsatisfactory results of HSC level learners under the ten education boards. The creative system, ICT, English, Science and Mathematics, financial constraints, lack of private tutor and teacher, strict evaluation of scripts, question paper leak, nepotism, and copying in the examination hall are responsible for unsatisfactory results. On the other hand, this paper would like to foster some important aspects for satisfactory results, including to ban question paper leak, to ban copying in the examination hall, and to ban coaching center, to train teachers, to recruit subject-wise expert teachers, to take the frequent test, to create corruption-free education, to motivate learners for creative writing, to establish English language club, to modify syllabus design and lesson plan, to provide funding opportunities and computer training program. For data collection and questionnaire survey, the researcher goes to three colleges in the Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Thirty participants, including students, teachers, and guardians are requested to take part in the test so that the real picture of the results of higher secondary level and its equivalence examinations can be exposed. Thus, it would like to show a novel dimension of Bangladesh education system.


Table 1. Traditional & Modern Teaching Policy
According to Rasheed (2012), there are enormous challenges to both learners and teachers in Bangladeshi mainstream classrooms because of the irregularities within English, the words borrowed from other languages; and the consequent different phonological representations. It is a very apparent issue that most students at educational institutions are weak in English. As a result, they have lost their attention to learning the English language. When the English examination approaches or knocks at the door, they get afraid of English whether they will pass or fail in the examination. This terrific sense always touches their mind. The case is that it is not feasible for any learner to develop the English language depending on the cramming system. He must come out from this obsolete idea; if he succeeds, he will master this subject. In this sense, the role of a teacher is a must to inspire the students so that he can properly realize the importance and necessity of the English language for his real-life situation.
According to Hannah (2013), how a teacher organizes his class, or how he controls it, he yields positive or negative consequences for his students. If a teacher is unmotivated, or negative, there will be a negative impact on his students in the classroom. Similarly, if a teacher is motivated or positive, he will likely have a helpful impact on his students as well. A teacher needs to understand this cause and effect to understand how to organize his classroom to create a better learning environment.
Moreover, Hannah argues that the classroom is where learners will gain an understanding of their place in the world and the gifts that they have to offer. It is where all students develop what they want their future to look like, as well as knowledge of the skills are needed to reach that goal. The classroom environment is a must for an elementary learner. A student's psychology develops through classroom milieu how to behave or speak with others. It is the sole duty of the teachers to help their learners complete the whole lesson in the class; they will have to study or investigate the clue how a weaker student can be understood very easily so that he can learn his lesson in the class. The supplementary task is a heavy burden for the weaker students. There are many poor and meritorious students at educational institutions throughout the country, who have to face financial constraints, cannot expend money for private tutoring. Therefore, it is the duty and responsibility of the class teacher is to inspire his learners to complete the lesson during class time. Alam (2014) points out that here in Bangladesh, the environment of learning English is to some extent unfavorable because it is often seen that a person is interested in learning English is normally laughed at and criticized severely and ignorantly by the people around the learners because of the mistakes, like the poor habit of speaking English. Such ruthless criticism prevents a learner of English from exercising in it; and, it ultimately fails. In Bangladesh, it is seen that there are lots of highly educated or normally educated persons who are very much interested to speak English, but they don't have any English speaking fluency. The reason is that they don't try to develop their spoken fluency at all. Again when anyone speaks English, they can understand properly what he speaks, or shares with the listener.
But he can't speak. Such a scenario is very common in non-speaking countries, including Bangladesh.
Whatever the case is, the real fact is that spoken English completely depends upon the regular habit of the speaker. There is a proverb: "We learn by mistakes". So habit is the master of himself. There is no alternative way of practice and effort.
According to Rahman (2015), the English language is taught as a compulsory subject starting from elementary level to tertiary level for the students in Bangladesh Education System. Whether the students study in different streams of education, they have to learn English from the very beginning of their academic lives. In the education policy of Bangladesh, much emphasis has been given to learn English the reason is that English is, undoubtedly, the actual global language. English Curriculum for secondary and higher secondary levels fail to prescribe and adopt an empirical approach to the teaching  Hossain (2016) points out that the syllabus and curriculum are examination-oriented and prevent students from acquiring language competency. From this remark, Amir thinks syllabus design and curriculum should be prepared according to the demand of the higher secondary level learners so that they can keep aloof themselves from question paper leak and copying in the examination hall. The Government, the Chairman of the Education Board, educationists, Education Minister, and the concerned authorities of the country must take pragmatic steps to ensure the quality of education.
Through concerted efforts, syllabus and curriculum would be made so that the students of all levels can be able to cope with the current global education system. We should bear in mind that the prosperity and failure of a country largely rely upon sustainable development of economy, society, and politics.
The education system of a certain country is more developed; the socio-economic condition of that country is more developed. The syllabus and curriculum should be prepared in such a way that no student can get the opportunity of leaking the question papers and copying in the examination halls across the country.

Results of Higher Secondary Level and Its Equivalence Examinations
According to Nizamul Haque, a staff reporter of The Daily Ittefaq, the effect of change of script assessment system has fallen on the results in the higher secondary level and its equivalence

Cumilla Board
In Cumilla Board, the pass rate is 65.42%. Under this board, a total number of 1, 13,666 examinees participated in the examination. 67,820 examinees passed the examination. Among them, there are 30,368 males and 37,452 females. And, 944 students secured GPA-5.

Jessore Board
In Jessore Board, the pass rate is 60.40%. Under this board, a total number of 1, 9,692 examinees participated in the examination. 66,258 examinees passed the examination. Among them, there are 31,652 males and 34,606 females. And, 2,089 students secured GPA-5.

Chittagong Board
In Chittagong  2017 the pass rate went down; and due to decreasing 6%, the pass rate was 68.91%.
In a press briefing, Education Minister Nurul Islam Nahid says that their government has taken six strategies to protect the question paper leak in the examinations across the country. Nahid also comments that strict carefulness, rules, and instructions are followed; and some important steps have been taken to assess question papers, to revise, to print, to package, to process trunk, and to send the centers. The minister also says that to take the seat is compulsory for each examinee commencing the examination before 30 minutes; to bring all sets of question papers from the treasury to the centers commencing the examination before 30 minutes; to reach the question papers from the treasury to the centers along with the officers and the police; to send set-code via SMS to the dutiful officers starting the examination before 25 minutes; to collect question papers from special safety envelops; and the police, RAB, CID, the officers from Ministry of Education, different councils, all boards, district and field administration vigilance team have been prepared during the exam period. Col.1 + , p. 8).  also says that the concerned authorities have followed strict rules and regulations while evaluating the scripts, and they have tried utmost to ban question paper leak, and have assessed the answers scripts very carefully.

Important Steps for Satisfactory Results
The failure of a country is largely responsible for its poor education system. Education aims to make a man conscious of his own life so that he can be able to maintain his livelihood. An educated person has a lot of duties and responsibilities to the society where he resides. He can show the light of education to the ignorant communities. In this regard, we mention a well-reputed statement of Napoleon Bonaparte: "If you give me an educated mother, I will give you an educated nation". Certainly, we realize that the nation's progress depends on an educated mother. The government as well as the conscious countrymen should come forward to globalize the education system scientifically and technologically.
The government should take immediate steps to how oriented-education can be implemented in a state where the nation can play an important role in establishing a prosperous country and nation. As we know the global education system is changing very rapidly. So we should try heart and soul to globalize our current education system. For this task, we must look at the western education system, how the teachers apply the theory of education policy and practice; and how this policy can be implemented for educational purposes. In the contexts of the higher secondary level education system, I would like to focus on some key points through which probable solutions can be drawn in the following ways:

To Ban Question Paper Leak
Nowadays in Bangladesh question paper leak has become a major concern in the public examinations at the HSC and equivalence levels. Question paper leak has brought about negative impacts on the mind of the younger leaners. For this situation, the quality of education has decreased. There is a proverb regarding education: "Education is the backbone of a nation". The education system must be upgraded according to the age of demand. We have to understand that the economic prosperity of a country depends on the education system. This situation won't be worsened. The conscious nation should come forward so that nobody can leak the question paper in all public examinations across the country. The first and foremost duty of the government is to ban the question paper leak by hook or by crook. The criminals must be punished severely so that they can never dare to do such an illegal act in the future.

To Train Teacher
A teacher is trained for training the students. If a teacher has no training knowledge, or background how he can train his students while discussing any relevant issues in the classroom. I think, after recruiting a teacher at any educational institution, he must be trained how to and what to teach his students. Without practical experiences, no teacher can teach properly; he may have a better result or higher degree, but if he does not know teaching skills, he will certainly fail to teach students properly. The government must take practical steps to train the novice teachers immediately. A teacher has to help the students understand in such a way that they can learn their lesson in the class instead of at home. While a teacher will teach the students in the classroom, he will provide more examples along with illustrations, images, and, guidelines. To perform these tasks, a teacher must be trained conversantly so that the young learners may come out successful while acquiring knowledge academically. He must study and practice at home before taking his class.

To Appoint Subject-Wise Expert Teacher
While a teacher is appointed to teach any subjects at any educational institutions all over the country, he must be knowledgeable and expert in his subject on what he has already studied. Recruitment policy ought to be fair and free. The recruitment test and interview process must be taken confidentially based on their merit. Corruption free recruitment must be implemented throughout the state. A teacher as a candidate may be a poor person while he participates in the recruitment test, the governing committee, or the government body should emphasize his basic knowledge and wit. The reason I want to apply here is that a deserving and meritorious person should be appointed at any institution in the country.
Recruitment policy should be honest and quite confidential to upgrade education policy and practice.
The recruitment committee must understand the fact that the prosperity of a country largely relies upon the scientific education system. In this regard, corruption-free education policy and practice must be ensured for all students and teachers.

To Ban Coaching Center
All over the country, the coaching center has sprung like an umbrella. Fully educated, half-educated, or little educated men and women have engaged themselves in private tutoring. The aim of the teachers and the owners of the coaching center is to prepare their students in such a way that they can answer the questions in all examinations so that they can cut a good figure in the examinations. But, the situation in Bangladesh is the opposite. The main policy of the coaching center is to collect students from different sources and to earn a large sum of money from innocent parents and students. Some teachers of the coaching center are found to have a secret link with the powerful authority of the education board. From them, teachers collect the (fake) questions in exchange for money; and then, they sell the (fake) questions to the young learners. Such types of unsocial activities have occurred through the coaching center across the country. As a result, the students are cheated; and it hampers a great impact on their psychology negatively. Coaching centers should follow the norms and regulations of pedagogical approaches strictly with a view to implementing a postmodern education system for the greater welfare of the younger community.

To Take Extra Class
If any student fails to understand his lesson within a specific time in the classroom, a teacher will have to take extra classes, especially for the weaker students so that they need not study at home. If we look at the Japanese Education System, we will be able to learn that a teacher teaches his students in the class, or also at home until he learns his lesson properly. He teaches his students voluntarily. It means www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe that he continues to teach his students until he completely realizes his lesson. The fact is that many a time some students in the class don't understand the lecture delivered by the teachers due to poor time management. In that case, the authority of the institution should take important steps so that extra classes can be taken, especially for English, Math, and Science subjects.

To Remove Corruption from Education System
It is known to everybody that the essence of the education system of a country is lessened due to corruption and unfair means in the examination hall. Many teachers and high officials lose their integrity and dignity due to malpractice in society and the community. Nobody expects the corrupt education system for which the young learners may go astray. When any teacher is appointed at any institution, the recruiters should keep themselves aloof from corruption. Corruption can give nothing to the nation itself, but its impact is very dangerous and dire on the upcoming generation. To save this heinous and hideous situation, the government as well as the dutiful citizen should come forward. The motto of a nation should be: "We want a corruption-free education system; there is no corruption in the educational environment anywhere in the country".

To Take Frequent Test
I think the frequent test for evaluating the students' performance on their subject-based knowledge, especially English, Mathematics, and Science, will certainly bring the best result in any examinations.
When the frequent test is taken based on class discussion besides delivering the teacher's lecture, the weaker students can do better because he is compelled to study at home or school; he thinks that he is determined to come out successful in the test; he will certainly try to take it as a challenge in this sense that he will have to obtain good remarks. Certainly, this frequent test will help them cut a good figure in the public examination. The Principal as well as the Managing Committee should take fruitful steps to make the class teachers alert of the frequent test. If this education system is continued at the higher secondary level, it seems to us that most of the young learners would come out successful in their future endeavors.

To Ban Copying in Exam Hall
Copying in the examination hall is a very common picture in the HSC and equivalence levels of the Bangladesh Education System. It is a traditional practice. The invigilators, local political leaders, and the institutional authority are mainly responsible for this crime. To ban this malpractice, the government should enforce the law strictly; those who are directly involved to supply copying in the examination, should be punished with an iron rod, or sent them to jail immediately, or should be fined without making any delay. Copying in the examination hall hampers our education system indeed; its severe impact falls on the mind of the young learners. The government should ban copying in the examination hall by hook or by crook; otherwise, the whole education system will get hampered.

To Keep Aloof from Helping Students in Exam Hall
Another problem in the examination hall is noticed besides copying in the examination. Most of the invigilators help the students answer their questions directly. Before commencing the examination, some teachers collect a huge sum of money from the candidates in the condition that they help the students answer the question or make room for them to copy/see others' answer scripts freely. For this malpractice, the local political leaders are greatly responsible.
To ban this illegal act, before commencing the examination, the dutiful Magistrate of each center will be conscious of the dishonest means in the examination hall. He will take immediate steps to catch the criminals; and at the same time, he will send them to jail with a fine. In this regard, the local authority and the Principal should take effective steps to keep the teachers aloof from helping the students answer the questions in the examination hall.

To Motivate Learners for Creative Writing
The first and foremost duty of a teacher is to motivate his students on how to write creatively in the classroom or beyond. He will prepare the questions in such a way that no student can directly learn the lesson by heart; rather he will be compelled to apply his basic knowledge to answer any questions. The teacher will give the questions for the examinations so that he can keep themself aloof from cramming notion. Many a time in the public examinations of the higher secondary level, it is seen that questions are very difficult to answer because what the students have learned at home or school don't get common questions. In that situation, if any student has a basic performance on creative writing, he will very fairly answer all questions. So, I think creative writing is a must for developing the students' merit or cutting a good figure in public examinations.

To Make Guardians Alert and Sensitive
It is the duty and responsibility of the teachers to make the students' guardians conscious of education: Will they attend the class on time? Will they learn their class lesson properly? What is their result of weekly test/monthly test/pretest? Will they abide by the rules and regulations of the institution or not?
The teacher must inform such issues to their parents directly. Moreover, many brilliant students are found to fall victim to eve-teasing, drug addiction, and unsocial activity across the country. In school life, they are found to have addicted to such malpractices. In this situation, the role of the teachers is much more than the guardians; he will try to understand his students concerning the real-life situation of the age in place of academic punishment. He must inform the parents of the students' success and failure concerning his examinations from time to time.

To Establish English Language Club
English Language Club plays an important role to develop the four skills of the English language. If there is an opportunity to participate in the language club for each learner, I think they will come out successful in developing speaking skills. To develop speaking skills, group discussion is a must. If such a language club is established in art institutions throughout the country, the students will certainly be able to extend their speaking skills. At the secondary level, if they are capable of speaking and writing skills of the English language, at the later stage of life, they will secure better scores in IELTS/TOFEL test if they intend to study abroad for higher education.

To Modify Syllabus & Lesson Plan
National Curriculum and Textbook Board Syllabus should be designed in such a way that students can be able to gather creative knowledge of English, Math, and Science. A syllabus should be age-oriented and creative so that any student can have no chance to copy in the examination hall. On the other hand, based on the syllabus, the teacher should prepare their class lesson. Without the lesson plan, it is very difficult for the teachers to teach his students in the class, which has to be a systematic way. The education system must be dealt with syllabus design and lesson plan. So, the authority of the Ministry of Education and Education Board is to take proper steps on how syllabus design can be creative and copied free in the examination halls. They should guide the teachers on how to lesson plan can be appropriate and implemented. Teachers should take teaching and learning training courses on how to prepare lesson plans and syllabus design in an ultra-modern method.

To Provide Funding Supports
There are many poor and meritorious students at the HSC and equivalence levels all over the country.
Due to the financial crisis, many young learners fall apart from education; their dream remains a dream, which is never fulfilled. Their parents cannot afford to educate their children due to poverty even they are not able to purchase books or other necessary materials. The government and the school authority should help them provide funding opportunities so that they can prosecute their study. Books, learning materials, uniforms, and tiffin should be provided free for the downtrodden students of educational institutions. The authority especially in the rural areas should collect reasonable fees from the poor students. In this regard, the role of the government is a must. Without having funding supports, many bright students are getting deprived of education. As a result, they get themselves engaged in unsocial activities, like drug addiction, stealing, eve-teasing, rape, kidnapping, and smuggling in the name of politics.

To Enlarge Class Size
In Bangladesh, the class size is very small and not very spacious in comparison with the number of students. Each year students are on the increase, class size remains the same. On a single bench, more than 5-6 students are sitting together; as a result, it is very difficult for them to understand the class lecture. They can't write and sit freely in the class due to the small class size. Another problem is that while they sit for the examination, they try to copy others' answer scripts. They lose their attention from the study. They go to the exam hall depending on others' mercy. When any school is established, the class size will have to be spacious and large so that learners can learn their lesson in a jolly mood.

To Visit College
If the board authority, as well as the authority of education of ministry, frequently visits the educational institutions, how the teachers take classes, how they teach them, are the students capable of understanding their lesson properly? If any teacher fails to perform his duty and responsibility while he will stay at school during the working period, I think, the authority has to take steps for those who break the rules and regulations of the institution. To my sense, the government ought to follow strict rules to punish those who violate educational norms. It is possible when the authority will visit the institutions frequently, they will be able to find out the negative and positive aspects of the institutions.

To Provide Computer Training Program
In a competitive age, we can't think of our existence without computers and English. To shine in life or to get a lucrative job, both computer and English training courses are greatly indispensable for all sorts of teachers and students. Nowadays, it is found that many students are very much eager to study abroad for higher education. It is quite impossible for them without a computer and English to study abroad.
They must have conversant with computer & four skills of English language indeed. The fact is that computer training programs must be necessary for students and teachers if they would like to receive a real education.

Data Collection
In this current study, a written survey questionnaire has been used. The survey has been carried out in different higher secondary colleges at Gazipur in Bangladesh through a questionnaire process. The researcher visits 3-colleges, Tongi Government College, Shafiuddin Sarker Academy & College, and Scholars' School and College; and collects data from the higher secondary level students, teachers, and guardians. He distributes the typed-questionnaires to the respondents and requests to provide information spontaneously. Data collection takes place during October-November 2018. For the convenience of comprehension and acceptance of the respondents, the questions are delivered to the students in the English version. All the questionnaires are administered in face-to-face classes and beyond. Students and parents take around 30-minutes and teachers 20-minutes to tick the right options from the alternatives. Data collection takes place without any interference from teachers or parents. Thus, the researcher guarantees the reliability of the results. While the data is collected, scripts are processed for analysis and interpretation.
While collecting data, teachers are asked why they (t) are blamed for the poor results of their students, copying in the examination hall, and question paper leak, they try to refuse the right answer. Also, students are blamed for watching television, wasting time on Facebook, and for not adhering to study, they try to show lame excuse. Students help the researcher collect data; but, some teachers are not found to be cooperative and supportive.
Participants are informed that their participation in this study is strictly voluntary and any information obtained in connection with this study and that can be identified with them will remain quite confidential and will be disclosed only with their permission. There are no known physical, psychological, social, or legal risks in this study beyond those of ordinary life. Furthermore, it is highlighted that there is no cost to the participants for participation in this project.  From the above chart, it is clear that 35% of students select the "d" option because they think that there is no alternative means without a coaching center and private tutoring. On the contrary, only 12% of students select the "c" option. The reason may be mentioned here that students don't get satisfactory and reasonable options in multiple-choice. In the pie chart, it is seen that "a" and "b" options are almost the same were 26% and 27% of students select. There is only a 1% difference between their choices.

Data Analysis
At Shafiuddin Sarker Academy & College situated at Tongi under the district of Gazipur, Bangladesh, students think that they cut a sorry figure in the HSC examination of 2018 due to getting poor marks/grades in ICT, English, Mathematics, and Science. In this regard, they express different views with the researcher that the role of the private tutor is much more than the class teacher. The reason is that teachers can't complete the class lesson due to time constraints. FaceBook and watching television are responsible for the poor results at the HSC level. Rural students are weak in ICT, English, Mathematics, and Science. As a result, they cut a sorry figure in the exam. They don't have the opportunity to come into contact with expert teachers like urban students. For the question paper leak, students support jail penalty and fine. The research also shows that girls are doing better results in the examination because they are very much attentive to study than boys.   From the above chart, it is seen that 40% of teachers tick "a" option in this sense that leak of question paper due to a coaching center, poor results of rural students owning to experienced teachers, lack of creative writing and creative system, a poor funding opportunity for weaker students are minutely presented in this study to evaluate the general concepts of the HSC level teachers. On the contrary, only 13% of teachers select the "c" option because there is an important option for them: "Syllabus design and lesson plan should be revised, re-modified, and updated". Most of them select this reasonable option. This research also shows that teachers emphasize the establishment of English language club at the college level; and, they also blame the coaching centers and the officials of education boards due to the leak of question papers. Crooked teachers are blamed for copying in the examination hall because they help students copy others' scripts and take money from students.

Figure 4. Tongi Government College, Gazipur
This quantitative study was conducted at Tongi Government College under Gazipur district, Bangladesh. From this study, it is seen that 29% of guardians selected the "b" option which includes students can cut a good figure in the examinations by giving good teachers; reasons for unsatisfactory results are noticed due to lack of attention, financial constraints, poor grade in English, ICT, Mathematics, and Science, private tutors, class teachers, and psychological conflicts. Participants then select "a" and "d" options, where the difference is only 1% between their choices. They express their views that syllabus design and lesson plan ought to be modified for better results; computer learning is necessary for students; those who leak the question papers should be sent to jail and fined; teachers' recruitment policy and education system should be free, fair and corruption-free; and students should spend 15 hours for study. "c" is the least choice where only 16% of guardians tick, which includes lack of proper care, coaching center, watching television, lack of private tutor at home, and traditional education system. The above said reasons are opined by guardians concerning unsatisfactory results in the HSC and its equivalent examinations.

Conclusion and Recommendations
In this study, the researcher has tried to assess the results of higher secondary level and its equivalence examinations of 2018 to unveil a 21 st -century education system of Bangladesh. He has focused on the comparative discussion of the pass rate of different education boards. He has discussed some noticeable reasons for unsatisfactory results of the HSC level students under the ten education boards. The main reasons for unsatisfactory results are dealt with the creative system, ICT, English, Science and Mathematics, financial constraints, lack of private tutor and teacher, strict evaluation of scripts, question paper leak, nepotism, and copying in the examination hall. Moreover, this study has fostered some important aspects for satisfactory results, including to ban question paper leak, to train teachers, to recruit subject-wise teachers, to ban copying in the examination hall, to take a frequent test, to create corruption-free education, to motivate learners for creative writing, to ban coaching center, to establish English language club, to modify syllabus design and lesson plan, to provide funding opportunities and computer training program. For data collection and questionnaire survey, three intermediate colleges of Gazipur district were selected where students, teachers, and guardians were requested to participate in the test. Thus, this study has highlighted the real picture of the results of the higher secondary level and its equivalence examinations of 2018. Its target is to uphold an innovative dimension of Bangladesh education system.
From the discussion said above in the light of evaluating the results of higher secondary level and its equivalence examinations, it becomes clear that HSC and its equivalent levels students cut a sorry figure in English, Mathematics, ICT, and Science owning to the lack of proper guidelines of teachers and guardians. Moreover, traditional teaching policy is also a key factor for which students have been cutting a sorry figure in the examinations. However, considering the aforesaid issues and discussions, the following recommendations can be suggested as proper steps to expose the existing situations for better results of HSC level learners:  Science and technology-based education can be a proper step for brilliant success.
 English, Mathematics, ICT, and Science must be taken extra-care of until students can realize.
 Creative writing, creative system, and quiz tests must be given priority.
 The syllabus design and lesson plan must be modified following the capability of students.
 English speaking, reading, writing, and listening skills must be emphasized so that students can participate in the IELTS or TOEFL test at any time.
 English language club and computer training course ought to be ensured.
 Group discussion in the field of teaching can be a suitable step by fostering their important roles and teaching students practical knowledge.
 Research-based teaching is necessary from the very beginning of the study period.
 Corrupt politics-free and fair education can be a good model to build up a prosperous nation.
 Skilled and expert teachers should be recruited at all colleges.
 Stipend and scholarship should be provided for rural living students.  Reasonable tuition fees can be ensured for spreading knowledge and education.
 Nepotism, copying in the examination hall, coaching center, and question paper leak must be banned strictly.
 Script evaluation policy must be flexible.
 Ultra-modern education policy and strategy must be followed up.   a) Due to taking money from students.

The number of
b) Due to helping students copy others' answer scripts.
c) Owing to supplying notebooks from outside. d) Owing to the political pressure.

3.
Many teachers don't try to understand creative system of the question pattern. The reason is that a) They don't try to study ins and outs of the book. b) They have no time to practise creative knowledge. c) They are always very busy to teach their students; so, they don't try to understand. d) They have no primary and secondary sources; so, they don't bother about creative system.