Topics on Chinese Indonesian Issues in Book Publication in the Post-Reform Indonesia

Chinese Indonesian still becomes an issue in the Indonesian democracy and there are many publication in books about Chinese Indonesian issues. They are not only just share information but also indicate as respons to political change. This article discusses about the development book publication or literature on the issue of the Chinese Indonesian community in the post-reform Indonesia. It focuses to the topic of the content of the books. This research was qualitative research with the library research method. Data obtained from observation to books about Chinese Indonesian and analysed by the content analysis method. The results of this study indicate that there is development of topics about the Chinese Indonesian issues. At the beginning of the reform in 2000 until 2005, they much-discussed about discrimination, conflict and anti-Chinese sentiment, identity and culture. While the post 2005, the topics become more diverse, covers culture (art, food, tradition, literature, religion, architecture, etc.), identity, biography, history, role in Indonesian society and new issue such as women’s issues. It at least shows two important points. First, it shows the self confidency from Chinese Indonesian community to show themselves as part of Indonesian nation. Second, it shows some identity expression like political, cultural, Chinese diaspora, local Indonesia and religion identity.

when the political regime changed, Chinese Indonesian society got the freedom to express their culture and identity.
The post-reform Indonesia since 1998 brought opportunity for Chinese Indonesian to participate in the politics, social, economy and culture, and freedom to express their identity as Chinese. The situation is like the bloom of many flowers (Coppel, 2003). Each presidential period put changes to the discriminative law and regulation related to Chinese Indonesian (Jacobsen, 2005;Jiaxuan, 2011;Hwang & Sadiq, 2010;Liang, 2012;Mahfud, 2013;Sukma, 2009;Suryadinata, 2007). It started with President B. J. Habibie who stopped the use of the concept indigenous and non-indigenous. Then President Abdurrahman Wahid dropped the ban on Chinese culture expression and put Confucianism as one of Indonesian official religion. President Megawati Soekarno Putri made the Chinese New Year as a national holiday and she also appointed a Chinese Indonesian economist as a minister. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) amended the Citizenship Act and erased the term "asli" or origin of Indonesia which distinguish the citizen with non-origin one. He also appointed Chinese Indonesian economist to be a minister during two periods of his administration. In 2014, SBY released a decree concerning the replacement of the term Cina with Tionghoa to refer to Chinese or Chinese Indonesian and the term China with Tiongkok. Although the legal or official policies related with Chinese Indonesian indicates non-discrimination effort but in the practice, from sociological perspective, there are still some problems on Chinese Indonesian and non-Chinese Indonesian relations, especially to view Chinese Indonesian in Indonesian nationalism (Thung, 2012).
The development of the Chinese Indonesian society of post-political reform is increasingly dynamic. This development also shows how their responses to social and political change in Indonesia. One of them is through the publication of books related to Chinese Indonesian. Those books are not just a publication and share of information, but also shows the topics, or issues related to the Chinese Indonesian at the time. This article focuses to analyze the topic content of some of the books related to Chinese Indonesian which published in 2000-2017. This article does not discuss the topic in the books in depth, but rather just show or describe the issues and topics that appear in the development of literature about Chinese Indonesian in the post political reform in Indonesia.

Method
This research is a qualitative research with library research study. The object in this study is a literature or books related to the Chinese Indonesian issue in Indonesia. I did analysis 74 books related to Chinese Indonesian. These books are Indonesian books, which written in Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language) both as the original book as well as a translation from English book version.
Content analysis method is used for data analyses where the topics that are listed from the title and contents of the book. The topics was found from the frequently appear in the tittle or content and then are grouped in special categories such as identity, discrimination and conflict, culture, politics, history, biography and other issues. The categories are then analyzed and linked to the context of the social politics that are currently in effect.

Tionghoa, Chinese Indonesian and Indonesian-Chinese
It is important to describe the term of Tionghoa, Chinese Indonesian and Indonesian-Chinese. The Chinese Indonesian more explains in English structure that means Indonesian with Chinese ethnic.
While Indonesian-Chinese, with dash (-) for some peoples means the Indonesian first, Chinese second.
It also could be meant in the context of Indonesian Chinese Peranakan, where Peranakan refers to cultural and social approach as the result of interaction between Chinese and Indonesian people for hundred years (Gondomono, 2012). Historically the word Tionghoa is come from Hokkien dialect, as the earliest and largest Chinese group in Java, to call zhonghua that means Chinese China (Suryadinata, 2002(Suryadinata, , 2014 in 1976 that the Tionghoa was promoted as one suku or ethnic in Indonesian since . But he also argues that the core of this concept was developed by peranakans (Gungwu, 1976).

Literature before 2006
In the early days of political reform in Indonesia, the Indonesian government is being focused to the reordering of the economy which was affected by the Asian crisis of 1997, as well as years of consolidation of domestic politics that was facing disintegration problem. In the context of domestic politics, the government is doing some policy changes, including associated with the Chinese. It's like the deletion of the term "non-native" or non-

Literature after 2006
In 2006  From the table above, it can be seen that the category of biography and local Indonesia becomes the topic of the publication of a book about the Chinese Indonesian. In addition, the issue of discrimination and conflict also remains a discussion also. However, issues such as religion and history are also growing, compared with period prior to 2006, the category of culture is becoming increasingly developed and specific, ranging from tradition to the religion issue. Government of Indonesia has also ratified the Anti racial discrimination which indirectly provide protection to them as a minority in Indonesia. This phenomenon also appears to be influential to the themes of books where previously more focus to the issue of discrimination, conflict, identity and culturally recognition as one of the ethnic in Indonesia. Indonesia has many ethnic group, and one of them is Chinese. Third is Chinese diaspora identity, which arises in the context of "Keturunan

Development
Tionghoa" or Chinese descent. Some books also describe about Chinese ethnicity of Chinese Indonesian like Hakka or Hokkian ethnic. Fourth, the identity of the local Indonesia. The intent is in some of the books also appear characteristic of specific community of Chinese in Indonesia who live in certain area, adopt and express themselves as part of those local community. In other words, it relates to the identity of the local Indonesia they have. Indonesia is an archipelago with diverse ethnic and local culture. Ethnic Chinese are scattered throughout the territory of Indonesia also most affected by local culture and adopted it into their identity too. The fifth was a religious identity, namely the identity associated with the religion of their personal religious beliefs. The identity of this emerging identity that I see it as supportive of one another rather than see it in context as a comtestation.