The Problem and Adjustment of the Unbalanced Allocation of Compulsory Education Resources: Evidence from Chongqing

In order to narrow the gap in compulsory education resource distribution among districts and counties, and promote equity in education among regions. This article analyzes the current situation and causes of the unbalanced allocation of compulsory education resources in Chongqing and proposes the existing problems. Through the use of statistical description and spatial autocorrelation methods to analyze the internal relations of related factors and variables. And on the basis of proving the existence of proximity, it analyzes the type and influence mechanism of regional aggregation in the process of unbalanced allocation of compulsory education resources. This article focuses on constructing the theory of non-equilibrium allocation of compulsory education resources in Chongqing, proposing the basic assumptions of compulsory education resource allocation research, analyzing the problems of spillover effect, convergence effect, demonstration effect, etc. The theoretical hypothesis of the unbalanced allocation of educational resources is empirically tested.

interregional investment serious imbalances, which are bound to cause inequality in educational development opportunities between regions. This situation is contrary to the principles of equal educational opportunities and fair social benefits.
Compulsory education resource allocation is an important issue in the research of education finance.
Compulsory education resource allocation is the phenomenon of resource allocation differences in different regions, different education levels, and different social groups that are displayed in the interaction between education and social, economic, and political factors. This complexity and dynamics, on the one hand, pose challenges to the practice of public financial management, on the other hand, it is also constantly intriguing scholars' thinking and research interest. This research makes some attempts and explorations on this topic.
In the study of compulsory education resource allocation, how to measure the balance degree of compulsory education resource allocation is an important issue. Textual description research was once the mainstream, and with the advancement of science and technology, the continuous innovation of computing tools and research methods, the way to describe the allocation of compulsory education resources has gradually changed from a textual description to a mathematical method to establish quantitative indicators. Such as range or grade difference rate, coefficient of variation, etc. Therefore, how to measure the distribution of compulsory education resources spatial distribution more directly is one of the important purposes that this study attempts to analyze.
To explore the allocation of compulsory education resources and their spatial distribution in a specific space-time scale, it is not difficult to find that the spatial distribution of compulsory education resources is restricted by environmental factors such as social, economic, and political factors, for example, the insufficient investment of education finance in the western region obviously, it is limited by the relatively backward economic development level of the local area. Under the premise of low economic development level, local financial sources are few and there is not enough ability to increase investment in education. In addition, the allocation of resources for compulsory education is also restricted by factors such as politics. For example, the western development policy has enabled the western region to obtain a lot of central financial support. It can be seen that the spatial aggregation degree, imbalance degree and location change of compulsory education resource allocation indicate that the social, economic and political environment within or outside the region has changed to some extent, resulting in a balanced degree of compulsory education resource allocation and the transformation of intensiveness. This research hopes to put forward the theoretical system of Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation and conduct an empirical test through the construction of resource allocation system theory and the spatial measurement analysis of unbalanced allocation, so as to provide more abundant information for Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation research.

Literature Review
The allocation of compulsory education resources refers to the distribution of compulsory education resources at all levels and localities. It is a multi-level and multi-regional distribution choice for compulsory education resources in order to find higher efficiency and effectiveness and the balanced and comprehensive development of education. It is the country and governments at all levels. Of course, with the reform of the economic system and the improvement of marketization, the influence of the market and society on the allocation of compulsory education resources is gradually increasing. In the process of compulsory education resource allocation, there is often a resource aggregation effect, which is one of the manifestations of imbalanced compulsory education resource allocation.
Studies by Zeng Manchao and others show that the utilization and allocation of compulsory education resources in China are very uneven, and the level of expenditure per student varies greatly between regions, especially between rural and urban areas, and between coastal provinces and other regions very obvious. The unbalanced expenditure per student in elementary school and junior high school is very high. Yang Dongping's research found that compulsory education resources are concentrated in key high schools, and there is an obvious urban-rural duality. The non-primary and key dualistic school compulsory education resource system has widened the social class gap. Peng Zeping's research shows that there is a clear gap between the development of higher education in the east and the west of China, and its development will surely aggravate the imbalance in the development of the east and the west and affect the coordinated development of the economy and society in the east and the west. Empirical studies by scholars such as Wang Maishan indicate that the regional differences in my country's education expenditure do show an upward trend. Different scholars also explain the imbalance of China's compulsory education resource allocation from different perspectives. Wei Houkai and Yang Dali pointed out that the unbalanced development of the regional economy after the decentralization reform will inevitably cause a serious imbalance in the investment in education between regions, and this imbalance will inevitably lead to inequality in educational development opportunities between regions. For this reason, it is necessary for the central and provincial governments to balance the education finance between regions by some means, so as to gradually narrow the differences in education development between regions.
Gu Jiafeng studied the spatial distribution of China's 2000 compulsory education resource allocation, and divided it into four ethnic groups from the national spatial scale according to the LISA method, namely HH ethnic group, LH ethnic group, LL ethnic group, HL ethnic group, and discussed the different Comparison of features between clusters and comparison of features within the same cluster.
Research shows that China's compulsory education resource allocation is characterized by expansion, concentration or multi-core. There are obvious differences in the compulsory education resource allocation in different regions. There is an unbalanced situation of "the rich get richer, the poor get the effects of economic agglomeration, financial resource agglomeration and population migration agglomeration on the spatial agglomeration of compulsory education resources are all positive and significant, and the empirical test of the spillover effect, and it is not a virtual or imaginary relationship, but an objectively existing connection in reality. In the actual relationship, mutual influence is a dynamic process, and the causal cycle continues. The spillover effect causes the cause and effect to change continuously, resulting in the formation of mutual spillover. Education plays a vital role in the development of a country. All countries are investing more in education to enhance national human resources. China has developed education on a very weak basis, but has achieved remarkable results. In the course of educational development, Chinese provinces have also exposed some problems, one of which is the uneven development of education among regions. Because education has the nature of public service and is an important system for achieving social equity, the balanced development of education in various regions is one of the important indicators for achieving education goals.
From a national perspective, there are relatively few studies on the unbalanced allocation of compulsory education resources. Most of the methods used are qualitative theoretical studies with strong theoretical foundations, but relatively few empirical studies. The data statistics and quantitative analysis of the balanced allocation of compulsory education resources is still a relatively new method, especially the construction of the theory of compulsory education resource allocation system and the method of spatial econometric analysis. From the perspective of Chongqing, there is a large regional gap in the non-equilibrium allocation of compulsory education resources, insufficient investment in education, and imbalanced allocation of compulsory education resources. Therefore, this paper analyzes the status quo and problems of Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation, builds a model based on the theory of compulsory education resource allocation, and uses spatial econometric analysis methods to analyze the distribution of Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation, spillover effect analysis, Resource demand analysis and convergence test, etc. Finally, improve and improve the model, analyze the problem and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

Research on the Distribution of Compulsory Education Resources Allocation in Chongqing
In order to examine the spatial aggregation characteristics of compulsory education resource allocation, it is necessary to analyze the spatial distribution of compulsory education resource allocation.
Generally speaking, the higher the degree of non-equilibrium allocation, the more obvious the tendency to gather toward the center in geographic space. Therefore, whether there is a feature of the development of Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation towards the center is an important content to explore the unbalanced characteristics of Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation, and also an important part of analyzing the compulsory education resource allocation mechanism. This chapter uses the 2017 county-level education investment and economic, social, and demographic data of Chongqing urban areas to calculate the spatial autocorrelation of compulsory education resources through spatial dependency analysis, analyzes the status of spatial www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/jar Journal of Asian Research Vol. 4, No. 3, 2020 clustering, and discusses the basic causes of clustering development.

Data Collation and Description
Research on the non-equilibrium allocation of compulsory education resources in Chongqing is based on several basic assumptions. The process of theoretical construction, which is set up process assumptions. Assuming that there are connections between different concepts and under what conditions, they need to pass empirical tests to be persuasive. Before testing, you need to have a preliminary analysis of the data and a basic understanding of the distribution characteristics of the data.
What kind of data is used is mainly determined by the research purpose, and it is also limited by the research methods and models. In order to Chongqing Municipal Education Resource study non-equilibrium configuration, and examine the effect of geographical proximity effects and mechanism of resource allocation of financial education, empirical test of this paper, using a county-level data level. Using county data on grade level, for the following reasons:

It can analyze the allocation of compulsory education resources in various districts and counties in
Chongqing from a global perspective, and then discover the clustering characteristics and geographical proximity characteristics of compulsory education resource allocation. On financial education resource decisions, especially financial education funding, county-level governments have a great responsibility and authority, its policies will directly affect the region's Education Resource degree as well as the development of investment in education, therefore, has a very strong research significance. Near the county information dissemination mechanism between relatively smooth, therefore, each county policy between interactions are relatively frequent, easy to observe and study.

Convergence Effect of Compulsory Education Resource Allocation in Chongqing
In the process of resource allocation for compulsory education, we need to balance efficiency and fairness. This requires us to carry out research from a dynamic perspective. The method of research process analysis emphasizes long-term observation and trend analysis. Using the dynamic analysis of the compulsory education resource allocation process to determine whether the efficiency and public goals have been effectively implemented and to what extent, this requires us to test the hypothesis of the convergence of compulsory education resource allocation.
Explore whether the allocation of education financial resources in various regions of Chongqing has converged. That is, regions with higher education financial resources have a slower growth in investment in education financial resources, while regions with lower education financial resources have a faster investment in education financial resources. The difference gradually narrowed, and finally showed a balanced state.
This chapter takes the regional economic absolute convergence equation as the starting point for analyzing the problem. The specific equations are as follows: Chongqing, that is, the education financial growth in backward areas is faster than in developed areas, otherwise it will be rejected. Hypothesis. Each year in this article is a time period, so after introducing spatial autocorrelation factors, the spatial lag model is as follows: According to Table 2, from the point of view of the convergence coefficient, some periods appear to be divergent, while other periods are convergent. This shows that overall, the regional gap in the allocation of financial resources for education in high school is narrowing, but there may be a short-term divergence in individual time periods.
In summary, by analyzing the ways and means of compulsory education resource allocation and the basic elements of the total demand for compulsory education resources. The results of the total demand for compulsory education resources obtained show that the impact of GDP per capita and per capita living area on the total demand for compulsory education resources is positive and significant, while the impact of the minority population ratio is negative and significant. Due to different needs, compulsory education resources must be allocated according to demand according to the principle of supply and demand in order to obtain efficiency, so there will naturally be a situation of unbalanced allocation. This allocation method is in line with the principle of efficiency in compulsory education resource allocation, but it conflicts with the goal of education equity. In the process of resource allocation for compulsory education, we need to balance efficiency and fairness.
The government has achieved the desired effect by regulating the balanced allocation of basic education financial resources through education finance means. Convergence is dominant, and the difference in education financial resources in different regions is narrowing. In addition, there are significant spatial autocorrelations in the process of compulsory education resource allocation at different levels, that is, the allocation of education financial resources in neighboring areas will affect each other, thereby forming a regional aggregation effect. The existence of such spatial autocorrelation exacerbates the convergence of the allocation of education financial resources.

Conclusion
This paper studies the non-equilibrium allocation of compulsory education resources in Chongqing, and finds that there are obvious regional aggregation effects in Chongqing's compulsory education resources allocation in 2017, which are mainly divided into four aggregation forms: HH area has 8 districts, LL area There are 7 districts and counties, 5 districts and counties in the LH area, and 4 districts and counties in the HL area. There are no spatial dependencies between the 14 districts and counties and neighboring districts and counties. Studies have shown that the impact of Chongqing's compulsory education resource allocation is characterized by diffusion, concentration, or multi-core. There are obvious differences in the compulsory education resource allocation in different regions, and there is an imbalanced situation of "the rich get richer, the poor get poorer". The main reasons are as follows: First, the different natural conditions, historical basis, cultural differences, economic differences and other objective reasons in different regions; Second, the institutional and policy reasons of the central government, provincial government, and local governments; the third is The spillover effect of major factors such as economy, finance and population on the allocation of compulsory education resources. Therefore, to explore the optimal allocation of Chongqing's compulsory education resources requires the use of multi-scale spatial analysis methods and can provide us with more information and useful analytical perspectives, and provides an important theoretical basis for proposing a balanced policy for the development of Chongqing's compulsory education resources.