Monotheism as an Acquired Feature or a Built-in Human Instinct

In this era we, human beings upon earth, revolve around religious war, be it open or covert, in which every sect claims to own God. These symptoms of ownership have found expression in the past three thousand years, with the creation of the three major religions. Is the phenomena of Monotheism new or archaic? And what is unique in “Druze” Monotheism in this context and in the context of their values and behavior? Is Monotheism embedded in human nature and is a part of us or is it a need for or a mechanism to cope with the metaphysical, unexplained natural forces? Thus, arose the choice to probe the phenomena throughout history and among cultures, and to seek context within population research and background. Kristach describes the fear of death as the first mother of all idols, upon which the pleading of people for salvation, compassion and prayer is based to keep disasters away (Tahtah, 2009). Is Monotheism a given feature exogenous to humans or an acquired one as part of an evolving process that accompanies humans?

Elomran verses 164). One shepherd by the name of Abraham who believed in one God attempted to convince his people to follow him, but he was rejected and was sentenced to be burnt alive. Abraham succeeded in fleeing to Houran in southern Syria, where he lived more than a half century. Only two people believed in him: his wife, Sara and his nephew, Lot. Abraham persisted with his journey to the south crossing Palestine and arriving in Egypt that was governed by the Hyksos Amaleq. I believe that Abraham's beliefs were designated only to his people and to his own social circle and not to Egyptians who were well aware of his beliefs. Abraham married Hagar who was Egyptian and grew up with Monotheism in her childhood, a point we will discuss later. Abraham was persuaded by Sara to exile Hagar and her son to the desert, and when she asked Abraham about a man that would care for them there, he said that God would. Hagar, too, said that God would not forsake them. At this point we realize that Hagar's answer was rooted in Monotheism long before the major religions even emerged.
When we also examine the period of Jacob, the son of Abraham, we discover that he lived in Hebron and was sent to his people, the Aramaic and Canaanites, to bequeath unto them Monotheism. At this time Ryan, the king of Hyksos, also accepted the faith. Joseph the son of Jacob arrived in Egypt at the time it was governed by the Hyksos (Bible,Genesis,, and started preaching Monotheism among prisoners in jail (Quran, sorat Yosif verses 36-40).
The question raised now is how was Monotheism incorporated in different cultures and areas? I will begin with Zoroastrianism, which appeared in Kurdistan in the year 612-652 B.C. It is the religion of the prophet Zaroaster, who first appeared in history in the 7 th century B.C. and called for "Ahoromada", meaning one God instead of the many idols that hitherto prevailed among his people. Mithra, Farona, and Andrea where the ones who promulgated the new belief of Unitarianism in Midian [Middle Asia, Bactria and India] Persia and Anatolia. Zaroaster succeeded in spreading his set of beliefs before "Pishtasaba" the Irish-Aramaic king of Bokhara, who adopted it and imparted it on his wife, brothers, ministers and the remainder of his own people. In the Zaroaster religion, an acceptance ceremony would take place, in which each follower makes vows using a uniform text, Peyamana Din, that reads: "I believe in one God creator of the world-Ahoramezda" that symbolizes light and wisdom (Hinnel, 2003, pp. 4-6). Some maintain that Zaroaster's beliefs had influenced some additional Monotheist religions like Judaism, Gnostic, Christianity and Islam. The origin of the religion is in Azerbaijan south of Balkh, Afghanistan and Sogdia, Kazakhstan (Hinnel, 2003, pp. 4-6); their holy book called "Afista", meaning the basis of origin-written in an ancient Persian language similar to Sanskrit. When we resume to examine their scripts, we find that they are constructed of three parts: "Yesna" 72 chapters of prayers and chants, "Visprat" 24 prayers, and "Yidiyeva" a data chapter about creation, plants and organisms (Shkaki, 2015). These books were written in gold on 12,000 pieces of cattle leather that were given to Zaroaster as a gift by the Maida king "Kalshetarser" in the year 628 BC (Kaki, 2012 ). The religion of Zaroaster has survived to this day and its believers are estimated to be 2.6 million scattered in India, Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, USA, Europe, Australia, Canada and Singapore. (Adherents, 2013;Darwer, 1937)  which is the land between the two rivers the "Tigris" and the "Euphrates"-present day Iraq-specifically in southern Iraq in the regions of "Mandaeans-Sabbiyan", Mandaeans, and Mandaeanism or "Mandiuata" (Aprim, 2011). This group's name means knowledge and wisdom and can be attributed to the ancient Babylonians and Chaldeans in 539-626 B.C. (Aprim, 2011). Their tongue is called Orient Aramaic; they view in Adam their first prophet and his successor "Shatel" (Aprim, 2011). In the essence of this religion is the realization of one supreme power that has no shape but created souls, elements, atmosphere and materials from which creatures evolved into life. By His will He created the universe in dual/binary entities-light and dark, good and bad. God is eternal and He is transcendent and immanent; He is the reason for all things, not being born or giving birth and He embodies the whole existence, and He has no beginning and no end (Hamada, 1992). It is a secretive religion in which the obscure is predominant over the known, and their sacred book is not to be accessed by all, but by few religious sages. The Mandaeans live in a very close social circle, and those who marry outside the circle are excluded, and expelled from the sect (Alhosni, 1963, pp. 70-75). The Mandaean books are to be strictly written by sages, and they are not to be exposed out of fear of putting the religion in danger (Alhosni, 1963, pp. 70-75). The Mandaeans see this as a wicked thing that calls for punishment and excommunication. Also included among the many prohibitions of Mandaeans: killing is totally forbidden unless in self-defense, no drinking of alcohol, eating of pork is illegitimate and profit making is forbidden. (Alhosni, 1963, pp. 27-28).The Mandaeans' books exceed ten in number: "Sidra Adam, Sidra Dihi, Clasta, Sidra Denshmatha" that were given to Adam-father of the human race, Diwan, Aspermloashi, Niani, Kamahathehple, Ziwa, Bagra (Aprim, 2011). Obviously, these books refer to the creation, essence of life and man and his walks of life, and things that are permissible and prohibited. One cannot delve deep into this religion and its principles; it seems that the first to research the Sabayon Mandaeans were Catholic missionaries that looked for commonality between them, therefore this was a trend to color this religion with Christian elements even if it was established long before Christianity; but the Vatican did not accept it to be similar to or to be part of Christianity. In later periods of Islam, it was mentioned in some verses of the Quran that these people should be categorized as "ahl-althemma" or people of the divine book that were recognized by Islam to be Unitarians but were supposed to pay "Jizya" taxes levied by Islamic states from non-Muslim When referring to the knowledgeable ancient Egyptian civilization which interacted with other cultures as well, like the ancient Greek civilization and its Monotheism. One can identify that in the 4 th century B.C. the dynasty of Pharoah, included one distinguished guru called "Ptozeris" who believed in one God "as the first creator … he owns goodness in his hands… and everything submits to his will…".
This theory was known in the year 350 B.C. and similar writings were revealed in his testament that was found in his grave (Asiar, 1995, pp. 24-28

with the title: [Instructions and Wise Preachings]. Some claim that this book was translated into
Hebrew in the time of King Solomon, who was also called in Hebrew Wise Shlomo; this book was given the name the Great Book of Proverbs (Asiar, 1995, pp. 24-38). This broad belief among the public of Ancient Egypt shows how widespread Monotheism was and the prevalent moral atmosphere.
Between Again, the scripts originated from the ruler himself and his people followed suit. Also in the period of "Takhotemas" 3 [1436-1490 B.C.] of the 18 th dynasty we identify Monotheism among ministers who used these same phrases such as "Rhmira" who used sentences like "listen you residents of the universe … God knows all inside man's soul and everything is revealed to him …" and if the administration believed this, the citizens followed suit. Dynasties 15 to17 are not originally Egyptians, but lived in the Hyksos era (during this period the prophets: Abraham, Ishmael, Jacob, Joseph, Moses… had lived in Egypt). The Hyksos ruled the land and controlled it. Their origin was probably from Bedouin nomads, or a merger of many tribes (Asiar, 1995, pp. 24-38), Barbarians from Mesopotamia, Aramaic, and Canaanites and Amorites who are not Arabs; they were "Amaleq"-Bedouin soldiers of fortune. The Hyksos ruled over Egypt with cruelty and savagery and had no faith in monotheism; while local Egyptians were believers who practiced ceremonies in the house of prayer. Furthermore, Oon city (the sun town), was a center of study, where many priests and sages had deepened their insights into the existence of one God, and the fear of God. Some of the students were Joseph and Moses. Monotheism also existed in the middle-ages In1778-2134 B.C., in the era of the dynasties 11 to13, there is even written evidence on papyrus, similar to the papyrus in which "Tashtribiti the 4 th " called on his people "to accept completely the will of God and to show peace of mind and content even in times of misery and hardship". Now, I will relate to the 10 th dynasty [2133-2052 B.C.]. Here in heliographic language there is written evidence by king "Achtwa" 4 in which he wrote a will to his son "Mara Kara": "To increase building houses of prayer and foundations of faith that will please the Lord… one must fear God, the king of the earth that knows the obscure … one must not forget the judgment day; he must credit God and thank God in order to be credited and saved" (Asiar, 1995, pp. 144-145).
Going back in time to the 8 th dynasty [2242-2280 B.C.] in order to reference "Ana" the sage who preached and recommended to his son as follows: "Do not search the secret of God's kingdom… he is above human perception…fear him and do not upset him … keep and perform his rules and orders… keep his name clean and worship him, be close to him, keep his instructions and behave…" (Asiar, 1995, p. 146). In his writings there is also the need "to respect father and especially mother, to avoid drinking alcohol or commit adultery", these things show a deep and rooted understanding of family and social moral values. A similar set of principles can be found in the Ten Commandments in the Old Testament and in the Quran, sorat Alesraa.
Regarding Monotheism in the 6 th dynasty [2280-2420 B.C.], there is a definite saying about Monotheism that was revealed by historians and archaeologists and was engraved in monuments in these words: "Dear Lord King of all, the infinite that has no limit…" (Drwzat, 1960). Continuing to the 5 th dynasty [2420-2560 B.C.] a minister by the name of "Beth-hotip" announced it clearly: "In the hands of God lies the destiny of all creatures, of all mankind, and he who doubts this is a fool and ignorant, for He is the one ,the Lord loves his people". Obviously this motif is recurring in the phrases by "Betah-hotip", in the Quran and in the phrases of Lacman, which implies that it was the dominant atmosphere over many years, and monotheist preaching passed from one generation to another (Asiar, 1995, pp. 158-170). In the 3 rd dynasty [2680-2780 B.C.] "Kagmana" a minister said, "Act with integrity, unless the fury of God will be cast on you… for God gives prosperity, birth and good living…" (Asiar, 1995, pp. 170-172

Results
To sum up, Monotheism is a conscious conception, based on the accumulation of knowledge, rationalism, insightful reasoning and intuition. The notions regarding God's characters were diverse and not homogeneous in various religions. These characters vary from God being perceived as a non-human figure that has incomprehensible traits like in Islam and other religions, or a human figure, or a mix of human and God like in Christianity or even a figure that has a human-like shape in Judaism.
The major conclusion of this study is that monotheistic religions as we know them today, did not invent Monotheism, because it was already popular among prophets who preceded the People of Israel's prophets such as, Abraham, Jacob, and Josepha. Moreover, in the Zaroaster religion from the 7 th century B.C., which has survived to this day, the Mandaeans worshipped one supreme sublime creator; even when polytheism prevailed in Ancient Greece in the 3rd-4th centuries B.C., there were philosophers who believed in God like Plato and Socrates; and Monotheism was not strange to the Hindu and Chinese faiths as well. Therefore, some believe that Monotheism has developed gradually from idolatry, where the ancient ethical Egyptian culture traded these ideas with other civilizations.
Many rulers, kings, thinkers and ministers had already owned the belief, and there are many

Conclusions
Monotheism is familiar to various civilizations and among numerous generations. When examined seriously and deeply from its first appearance in the history of mankind, we can clearly see scripts and descriptions of God and the way He is perceived is very similar. Sometimes these sources had gone through changes and sometimes they remained the same. Many scripts on Monotheism and many types depicting moral and ethical lives, like the Ten Commandments, or hymns of old rulers passed from one generation to another, were accurately rewritten, or somehow enhanced. Monotheism existed in ancient civilizations world-wide and in ancient Greece. Thousands of years before major monotheistic religions prevailed among rulers and citizens, rewritings concerning this belief such as, songs, hymns and testaments recurred throughout history and proved the ideas of real and well-rooted faith in one God.
Having proved that this is the case, why not conclude that Monotheism is embedded in the human instinct and is part of it?