Technology Parks and Innovation Areas of Developing Countries as a New Way for Retuning Talents (Case Study: Pardis Technology Park)

“Talent acquisition, transformation and management are critical anchors for the growth of the industry” As a result of rapid pace of science and technology around the world and the monstrous intrusion of social media into people’s lives, the changes are no longer related to a generation, decade or a period, but everything can change in a moment. Therefore, sticking to the methods of the past years or decades is a disaster. Today, the number of specialists among the manpower is higher than before, and the ideologists are like the countries’ soldiers fighting on the economic and entrepreneurial front. Science and technology are provided by talents, and they have created interactions regarding socio-economic progress in developing countries. Tec parks are safe havens for returning talents in developing Countries. With certain infrastructures and policies, parks have an essential role in returning talents. This paper is an attempt to explore science and technology for that purpose content analysis technique is used. Furthermore, it discusses the role of Pardis Technology Park in promoting the science and technology.


Introduction
The past three decades have been the most volatile periods in history in terms of technology advances (Pardis Technology Park, 1396, p. 46). As it is clear to everyone, today "knowledge" is the most important, valuable and effective means that can change the economic and political situation of countries. Even beyond that, today, "Knowledge" is not only economic capital but also it is considered a kind of and a level of economy by itself (knowledge-based, 1397, p. 27). From a macro perspective on science and development activities, we could say that from 1996 to 2016 the costs of research and development activities have almost doubled (GII, 2018). In 2016, total R&D expenditure grew by more than 3% and in recent years it has experienced a sustained trend. The most significant growth factors include, expansion of imports, quality of scientific publications and involvement in international R&D activities. The influence of these factors can be seen in R&D investments, number of researchers, patents and the countries' scientific publications.

Science and Technology Parks
Universities, incubators, VCs, acceleration centers, startups and science parks form the basis of science and technology in a country. The owners of knowledge -based companies are producers at the start, then at the maturity stage they become accelerators and in this new state they are able to support the other startups (knowledge-based, 1396, p. 20). Creative knowledge-based companies and startups are expected to turn into the world's largest businesses soon without causing any environmental pollution and overtaking other handicraft industries (Saramad, 1397, p. 47).
Within an appropriate framework, science and technology policies regarding all types of innovation are as follows: -To support the R&D sector of industries by establishing direct communication channels between innovation-driven and research-oriented institutions on the one hand and service companies on the other; -To assist in establishing firms with new technologies, high-tech products, lower prices and diversity of competitive products and also the companies that are capable of growing, guiding and creating other jobs; -To create practical tools for constant training and learning, upgrading human resource (HR) skills, increasing employment, and recruiting as technological environment changes rapidly; -To create sustainable environments to drive the innovations suitable for technology entrepreneurs; -To provide practical test areas to complement effective policies of science and technology that require constant assessments and complete control; www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/jetr Journal of Economics and Technology Research Vol. 3, No. 1, 2022 3 Published by SCHOLINK INC.
-To strengthen private/public companies and fostering a spirit of collaboration across the sectors; -To facilitate the process of technology transfer through developing the international collaborations via multilateral technology organizations whose activities are focused on innovation.

Science and Technology Parks
There are many definitions for science and technology parks, each of which (in one way or another) highlights one or more aspects of this concept and explains the function of these centers. Chen argues that these centers connect R&D outputs from the university to market. Therefore, a key feature of these parks is to cover the integration of technology innovation and industrial production. Science and technology parks should foster closer ties between universities and research institutions so that they encompass R&D and innovation competencies. Moreover, a science and technology park needs to build close links with local industries in order to transform R&D into efficient products (Chen & Choi, 2004 and clustering among firms.
-The birth of technology companies through scientific research.
-Extraction of innovative products, and knowledge-based production.

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-creating and increasing motivation in the companies.
-providing high value-added facilities and services -providing well-equipped and high quality workspace.
-providing a network of essential resources.
-running technology park by professionals.
-increasing wealth by encouraging and promoting innovation culture.
-increasing the competitive power among the firms located in parks (creating competitive advantage).

International Association of Science Parks and
Areas of Innovation -improving relationships with universities and higher education institutions.
-Access to remarkable and important people.
-Access to physical capital investors. technology parks.
-The task of parks is to transfer technology to industry.

Talent
Here talent is broadly defined as personnel with appropriate skills and qualifications. Access to talent is a key driver especially for companies in high-technology industries (Lewin et al., 2008). In the past few years, however, the number of foreign S&E talent entering the U.S. has declined, while the return rate ("reverse brain drain") to home countries has been increasing. This is, to a large extent, due to a cutback in the H1B visa quota in 2003(Lewin et al., 2008, but the total demand for S&E talent worldwide is increasing.
− What is Talent?
There are some definitions: Natural ability to do something or a person with a natural ability to do something well (Oxford, 2002).
Talented: refers to an outstanding and effective person whose influence in science, art and technology production is evident and his intelligence, creativity, entrepreneurship and intellectual genius, in line with the knowledge and innovation creation causes the acceleration of balanced and scientific development of the country. Let's start with Webster's definition of talent as "any natural ability or power". Such a broad description may not seem like much to go on, but it includes a word that is central to Gallup's perspective on talent: natural.
Talent is a whole set of intuition, reasoning, insights and experiences related to customers, products, processes, markets, competition and so on that enable effective action ( Knowledge and skills, on the other hand, imply learned behavior and actions that require more active cognitive processing. What you know reveals more about your experiences and education than about who you are at the core. Behavior derived from knowledge and skills can be changed far more easily than talent-based behavior, as new information subordinates old in an individual's consciousness.  This paper presents a model where firms compete for scarce managerial talent ("alpha") and managers are risk-averse.
When managers cannot move across firms after being hired, employers learn about their talent, allocate them efficiently to projects and provide insurance to low-quality managers.
When instead managers can move across firms, from-level coinsurance is no longer feasible, but managers may self-insure by switching employer to delay the revelation of their true quality. However this results in inefficient project assignment, with low-quality managers handling projects that are too risky for them. In this setting, this is inconsequential because of ex-ante competition, but in reality this assumption According to this paper, the main goal of knowledge management is to change intellectual capital into intellectual assets, and to obtain it from its sources-from the workers who possess it. Then the risk of losing valuable information will be reduced, and information will be freely transferred, exchanged, and used effectively to promote company interests. help them in performing their job stress free and able to explore their personal skills.

Retuning Talents
Any subject in the past 15 years has not received as much attention in the human resource management literature as 'talent management'. There is a cavalcade of literature Produced by eminent scholars and experts like Ulrich (1989,1996,2005), Pfeffer (1998), Woodruffe (1999), Barner (2000), Michaels et al. (2001), Pucik (1996, 2005 biological drugs, and also the country's GEI (Global Entrepreneurship Index) score in 2017 marks the fifth biggest gain globally compared with last year (Saramad, 1397, p. 45).
In order to develop the country and the necessity of revolutionary movements in path of overcome the obstacles of knowledge production and software motion in meeting of some of the country's talented with him in October 1383, is planning and policy making in order to identification, guidance, material and intellectual support of the talented, attraction, preservation, applying and supporting them to − Collaboration with other regions in order to create synergy fulfilling the Pardis Technology Park's mission.

Pardis Technology Park
Pardis Technology Park has been created with a cross sectoral approach and aims to promote collaborations between the related organizations in the country and also influence and develop international cooperation. Pardis Technology Park has been established as the region's technology paradise. Given the importance of modeling for building tech parks in the country and its national impacts. The emergence of more than 4000 knowledge-based companies and over 8000 applicants has built a highway in the entrepreneurship ecosystem of the country which is progressing steadily.
key advantages of using content analysis is it's in contrast to simulating social experiences or collecting survey answers. Practices and philosophies of content analysis vary between academic disciplines.
They all involve systematic reading or observation of texts or artifacts which are assigned labels (sometimes called codes) to indicate the presence of interesting, meaningful pieces of content. By systematically labeling the content of a set of texts, researchers can analyze patterns of content quantitatively. Computers are increasingly used in content analysis to automate the labeling (or coding) of documents. Simple computational techniques can provide descriptive data such as word frequencies and document lengths .Advantages of content analysis: Unobtrusive data collection: You can analyze communication and social interaction without the direct involvement of participants, so your presence as a researcher doesn't influence the results. Transparent and replicable: When done well, content analysis follows a systematic procedure that can easily be replicated by other researchers, yielding results with high reliability. Highly flexible: You can conduct content analysis at any time, in any location, and at low cost -all you need is access to the appropriate sources. Total 35 highly authenticated resources are chosen for systematic review from regular and known publishing journals.
Articles are selected having minimum 14 citations reported by Google Scholar and published between 1987 and 2019. The articles are selected having discussion on talent management, its link with strategic issues of the organization and having role in creating completive advantage for the firm. The search quires are used to reach the targeted articles as strategic talent management and sustainable competitive advantage.

Conclusion
Tec parks are safe havens for returning Talents in developing Countries. With certain infrastructures and policies, parks have an essential role in returning Talents.
Science and technology parks play an important role as one of the loops in development chain. They have the greatest impact on the growth performance and innovation. The most important indicators of this talent return include: The application of modern technologies, job satisfaction and optimal employee productivity. Technology parks are bound to design and implement logical programs for offering right services and solving the problems of established companies (Neekabadi & Ghochkanlu, 1394). Technology parks provide facilities for the talents. Technology parks add also value to their tenants in many ways: (1) they offer supporting environment; (2) they foster complementarities across different firms (3) they attract outside investors, such as banks, angel investors, and VCs.. In the innovation system of developing countries, science and technology parks are expected to act as a catalyst for centralized knowledge.
Science and Technology parks have provided conditions for attraction, retention and return of talents.
Additionally, by increasing supporting science and teck parks governments and organizations can meet their goals regarding talent attraction.