Neural Mechanisms and Benefits of Flow: A Meta Analysis

Abstract

Known as “in the groove” by musicians and “in the zone” for athletes, flow is a sensation of total concentration on a single task. Since the introduction of flow theory by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in the 1970s, researchers have continued to explore the brain science and performance benefits of such state. The three hypotheses at the forefront of flow theory include brain waves, transient hypofrontality hypothesis, and synchronization theory of flow. Beyond detailing research that supports the three hypotheses, this meta analysis works to communicate the benefits of flow and also techniques to achieve the state. Flow state can be broken down into nine main characteristics, and working to improve each individual feature can contribute to optimizing the overall flow experience. The real world implications of flow state are immeasurable, allowing humans to be more efficient learners and better creative thinkers. Most importantly, flow is not an esoteric phenomenon exclusive to people at the top of their profession. Everyone can achieve flow state, which makes the benefits tangible and realistic for all. Flow theory continues to be a heavily researched subject in psychology, and a greater public interest in the topic can further expand the field of flow science.