Marx’s Riddle Metaphor about History: Based on the Discussion of “The Riddle of History”

Abstract

Ancient Greek philosophers believed that the eternal truths were wrapped in riddles, and the deciphering of these riddles constituted a process of unraveling the objective world and understanding oneself, ultimately leading to a scientific comprehension of the hidden inner patterns. History, being an open-ended riddle, manifests different facets of enigma at various periods, displaying a profound complexity and secrecy. Marx employs the metaphor of riddle in his analysis of essence of history, forming a distinctive mode of contemplation characterized by the interplay of “distinguishing the riddle” and “solving the riddle,” encapsulated within his renowned discussion on the “riddle of history.” The riddle of history is not an abstract, mystical concealment of truth, but rather, the objectivity of the driving laws and the connection between experience determine the universality and realistic value of “riddle” as a metaphor for the real predicament of human existence. Portraying the development of history as a grand game between distinguishing and solving riddles should not hinder our understanding of the world but serve as an effective medium and means. Through the discernment of “riddle facets,” it continually inspires us to maintain curiosity and enthusiasm for the unknown within the ongoing process of historical development.