Effects of Endotracheal Administration of Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest of Adult and Pediatric Swine
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the effects of hypovolemia on area under the curve (AUC) and the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) comparing adults and children in cardiac arrest.
AIMS: To compare the epinephrine endotracheal (ET) administration relative to AUC, rate, time to, and odds of achieving ROSC between hypovolemic adult and pediatric cardiac arrest models.
METHODS: This was an experimental study using male Adult ET and Pediatric ET swine. Pediatric ET pigs (N=7) weighed 20-30 kg representing the average weight for a child between 5 and 6 years of age. Adult ET pigs (N=7) weighed 60 to 80 kg. All were exsanguinated 35% of their blood volume. Swine were put into arrest for 2 minutes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated for 2 minutes; epinephrine was then administered. Blood samples were collected over 5 minutes.
RESULTS: No significant difference occurred in AUC between the groups (p > 0.05). The Pediatric ET group had higher rates of ROSC and a shorter time to ROSC (p < 0.05). Pediatric ET group had a 15 times greater odds of achieving ROSC compared to the Adult ET group.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we recommend epinephrine administration via ET within the pediatric arrest model, but not for the adult.
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.22158/mshp.v3n2p34
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Copyright (c) 2019 Steven Kertes, Valentina Fillman, Brandon Krawczyk, Logan Hirsch, Allison Martin, Phillip Noble, Thomas M. Clark, Aleczander Battelle, Joseph O’Sullivan, Don Johnson
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