Presence and Dispersion of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Groundwater

Abstract

This paper offers an extensive examination of studies published in the recent past and highlights the documented issues surrounding groundwater pollution, its sources, and distribution worldwide. The depletion of groundwater resources and the deteriorating overall quality present a significant cause for concern, particularly as a large human population relies on groundwater as a drinking water source. The review focuses on various factors contributing to groundwater pollution, including anthropogenic activities, hydro climatological influences, and natural processes. Special attention is given to organic contaminants such as pesticides, herbicides, and emerging pollutants, which have been found to have a substantial impact on groundwater quality. Additionally, the review covers pollution caused by inorganic pollutants like arsenic and other heavy metals, with a particular emphasis on regions experiencing a higher incidence of these contaminants in groundwater. Furthermore, the paper includes a compilation of studies that highlight the increased occurrence of waterborne illnesses resulting from fecal and microbial contamination, often caused by inadequate sanitary practices. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the global groundwater pollution problem, the review also encompasses an examination of contaminants like fluoride and nitrate.