The Deep Roots of Anti-Black Institutional Racism in Canada

Abstract

Based on a review of existing literature, this paper discusses Canadian evidences of anti-Black institutional racism, the organizational “standard operating procedures” that adversely affect minorities by design or intent (“systematic racism”) or by the effect of exclusion or exploitation (“systemic racism”), with particular reference to education and law enforcement. This paper contends that anti-Black institutional racism in Canada is a superstructure whose core base is chattel slavery.