Adopting Value Creating Pedagogy and Problem Based Learning in Secondary Schools in Kenya

Abstract

Value Creating Pedagogy (VCP) promotes well-being and support for social justice and practices connected with the happiness of both the individual and the society. Effective adoption of VCP promotes educational ideals oriented in dignity and empowerment of all individuals in school and in society. Adherence to principles of VCP through Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach creates a meaningful platform for addressing challenges in schools through creative thinking which in turn encourages exploring processes where students are free to voice opinions in an inclusive learning environment. Through VCP, students individually and collaboratively assume responsibility for generating learning issues, uphold respect of individuality, build bonds of lasting relationship and oppose violence. In instances where VCP is implemented appropriately, attitudes towards learning improve and students learn to solve complex and authentic issues independently. By so doing students acquire spontaneous happiness and knowledge to solve new problems as well as competence in confronting emerging issues arising from school and in society. Conversely, in Kenya, examination focus of education system is a deterrent to development of values and ethics required for survival in society. On the other hand, the challenge for many teachers in adopting VCP is in making transition from knowledge provider to facilitator of learning. As a result, development of problem solving skills such as independent learning, critical thinking and decision making become disillusioned. This study explored adoption of value creating pedagogy and problem based learning as a strategy for creating value added education in public secondary schools in Nairobi County. A survey design was adopted with a target population of 80 schools where information was sourced from 40 teachers and 40 students through purposive sampling and simple random technique. Data were collected using an interview schedule and a questionnaire. The study found inconsistencies in the way schools implemented PBL in regard to increasing student knowledge and skills in problem solving. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should introduce a national policy on VCP and PBL as pedagogical approaches across all curricular that can be adopted to develop relevant and engaging values connected to achievement of Vision 2030.