A Review for Studying the Effect of Technical and Vocational Role in Creating Employment and Reinforcement of Graduates Entrepreneurship Case Study (Shiraz Bahonar Technical and Vocational Center)

The aim of this study was to clarify the role of technical and vocational college in employment and reinforcement of graduates, entrepreneurship in 2012-13years. This study is a survey research. In order to implement this study, was used of one researcher made scale with 31-Item. Reliability and Validity of the scale was approved with content validity and Cronbach’s alpha. For data collection was used a sample of graduates with stratified random sampling in differentiate the degree and field of study. Analysis of the data showed that: 1-the significant relationship there is between Employment and Reinforcement of graduates, Entrepreneurship. Respectively, Dimensions: the use of the talents and abilities of subordinates, delegating to subordinates, desire for risky, Moral character, emphasis on modern academic methods, the use of human and material resources have the ability to predict graduates employment. But dimensions: saving resources, and hands and feet of state laws and regulations resources have not the ability to predict graduates employment. 2-Between Employment and Reinforcement of graduates, Entrepreneurship according to their marital status there is a significant positive difference. 3-Between Employment and Reinforcement of graduates, Entrepreneurship according to their Degrees there is a significant positive difference. 4-Field of Study In increase Employment and Reinforcement of graduates, Entrepreneurship had a significantly positive www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/wjssr World Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 5, No. 3, 2018 213 Published by SCHOLINK INC. effect.


Introduction
The entrepreneurship is a new technical-economical phenomenon which has revolted the world of technology and economics by its amazing consequences, nowadays, training entrepreneurship is becoming to one of the most important and the widest functions of university (Ahmadpoor, 2011).
Training entrepreneurship could be one the most effective methods to facilitate transporting graduates population to the labor market. Studies in Europe has indicated that such trainings could up bring persons more responsible and make them an entrepreneur or an entrepreneurial thinkers, and successfully make them successful and risk acceptors in business challenges (Urbano, 2008). "The organization of technical training", as the unique trustee of informal technical trainings, has acted seriously to highlight the role of these trainings.
Line up the skills training system, considering the holistic scientific map, fastening and reinforcing the relationship between skill trainings competency and the market needs, network the active stakeholders in skill training system, increasing the capacity of competitiveness for businesses and institutes and training centers and developing innovation and national technology are included of the important actions which the organization has done for realization of skill and technology comprehensive system and the sub-systems. These actions are as bellow: 1-skill and technology training system 2-professsional competence 3-the employment eligibility system (Zein & Parand, 2012) Nobody is found absolute entrepreneur or absolute non-entrepreneur, in other words somebody could be entrepreneur in one filed and in one other field, he does not have the characteristics of entrepreneurship. Therefore, we can conclude that ever body has the entrepreneurship characteristics, but the difference is that these characteristics are in somebody more and in somebody less (Salehi et al., 2004). Therefore, this research has tried to explain the role of Shiraz BA-HONAR institutes and technical and vocational college in creating jobs and reinforcement of graduates' entrepreneurship in 2012-2013 years.

Technical Training
Technical training must go beyond treating people for special occupation, which provides the science, and skills for them. To achieve such goal, the cultural content of the technical trainings should have a level in which the inevitable specialization in training does not block the way of open interests (Khalaghi, 2011). The word, entrepreneurship, has been obtained of a French route which means, www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/wjssr World Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 5, No. 3, 2018 214 Published by SCHOLINK INC.
"undertake" and also originated from broker or dealer, and that is the concept which is reviewed by variable point of view. Kantilon, who is the inventor of the word entrepreneurship, knows the entrepreneur person as a risk acceptor who buys a commodity by clear cost and sells it by unknown cost. Cochran knows the entrepreneur as a coordinator and synthesizer of production factors, however he does not consider special characteristic for him (Khodadad, 2011).

Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the innovation process and taking advantages of opportunities by lots of effort and perseverance, with accepting financial, socially and mentally risks which is done by the motivation of financial gain, achievement, personal satisfaction and independence (Hisrich, 2012

Method
This research is a survey research and the purpose is applied, considering the article expresses the role of Shiraz-Bahonar institutes and technical and vocational college in reinforcement entrepreneurship and the graduates opinion is determined in 2012-2013 years is tested.

Statistical Population
The research statistical population has been the whole Bahonar technical and vocational college graduates of 2012-2013 years for 440 people.

Statistical Sample and Sampling Method
Sample volume was calculated 205 people by using formula. samples were chosen stratified random, divided by their degree and field of education.

Research Tools
In

Results
In this research, data are entered in a statistical software as SPSS and the different statistical methods are used according to research hypothesis.so that, descriptive statistic (frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, etc.) and also inferential statistic (the t one group test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis and simultaneous, and regression significant test) was used, which are introduced in order to describe data and analyze the hypothesis as following.

Descriptive Statistics
Distribution of frequency and percentage of marital status of graduates   As its seen in Table 2, 068% of graduates have the associate degree, 0.32% have bachelor degree.
The chart of graduates' degree of education is presented as bellow:   The chart of graduates' field of study is presented as Figure 3.  To investigate this hypothesis, descriptive statistics and t mono group was used based on marital status (single and married) and the statistical information are given in Tables 9 and 10   Table 7.

The Average and Standard Deviation of Employment and Reinforcement of Entrepreneurship Based on Marital Status
Considering the above table information, the average and standard deviation of singles is: M=46.05 and S=21.19 and in married is: M=65.74 and S=31.26. So the average value is more in married groups. As it's shown by the information of Table 8, the calculated t is obtained 2.11 and its significant level is 0.05 (p˂0.05). So the marital status is an appropriate predictor for employment and reinforcement of entrepreneurship in graduates' opinion.
Third hypothesis: Educational programs of Shiraz Bahonar technical and vocational college have significant effect on graduates' employment and reinforcement of entrepreneurship, based on their educational degree.
To investigate this hypothesis, the descriptive statistic and the t mono group test was used based on educational degree (associate degree and bachelor) and the statistical information is given in Tables 9   and 10.   As it's shown in Tables 4-10, the calculated t is obtained 1.28 and its significant level is 0.01 (p˂0.01).
So the educational degree is an appropriate predictor for employment and reinforcement of entrepreneurship in graduates' opinion. To test this hypothesis, the descriptive statistic and one-way analysis of variance was used which are given in Tables 11 and 12 Vol. 5, No. 3, 2018 222 Published by SCHOLINK INC.
In above Table, the average value and standard deviation is indicated based on field of study and according to this table information, the average is respectively more than others in metal industries-welding, manufacturing-machine tools, manufacturing technology engineering-machine tools.

Discussions
According to this study, the students will obtain necessary skills besides they become familiar to future career, by exact planning from technical and vocational college and holding training courses. Because their interests, mental abilities and the labor market needs are considered by choosing experienced professors (human resources) so that the current content of courses and academic programs and the content of training programs have positive effect on promote the entrepreneurial spirit of students.
The technical trainings must go beyond treating people for special occupation which provides necessary skills and science, and develop their personality and character besides general trainings and reinforce the ability of comprehension, judgment, presenting themselves and cope with different environments. To achieve such purpose the cultural, educational content of technical and vocational college must be in a way that choosing one particular expertise does not block the learners' interest for choosing future profession different motivations are effective on being entrepreneurs including need to success, need to gain payment and wealth, need to be famous, and the most important is need to be useful and independent. And the graduates would certainly achieve these applicable goals by working in fields of metal industries-welding, manufacturing-machine tools, manufacturing technology engineering-machine tools. Anyway, there is a positive direct relation between Shiraz Bahonar Technical and vocational college and reinforcement of entrepreneurship. The growth of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial trainings effect and followed by this, development of entrepreneurial professional trainings in 90s show that entrepreneurial trainings not only cause quantitative growth of entrepreneurs, but also bring evolution in entrepreneurial generations and promotion in level of entrepreneurial skills especially in designing business strategy and dealing management due to quick changes in jurisdiction. But in early 1990s, innovation phenomenon based on science, entrepreneurship based on science and economy based on science have developed interact to each other. In fact, the main cause in appearance of science-based economy has been science-based entrepreneurship. Regardless of culture and religion, the entrepreneurial training experiences show that it is possible to treat entrepreneurs by training entrepreneurship and to entrepreneur by research. The university is an appropriate place for innovation based on science due to its basic features such as human capital in the form of student and faculty Its significant to pint that despite the importance of this phenomenon and its increasing role in universal economy, it has been less considered recently. The country Economic conditions and new population structure makes us to need more and more leading field in economic scene, so the necessity to have models and strategies and appropriate research for training and optimal use of active force and entrepreneurs increase.