International Business & Economics Studies
International Business & Economics Studies (IBES) is an international, Refereed, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by Scholink. The journal aims to provide a high-level platform for scholars and researchers all over the world to share latest findings and views in the field of Business & Economics Studies. We would welcome scholars and researchers engaging in the related field to submit your manuscripts which are complete unpublished and original works and not under review in any other journals to IBES. Both of online submission and E-mail submission (ibes@scholink.org) are acceptable. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The journal includes, but is not limited to the following fields: Business Entrepreneurship Marketing Commerce Economics Financial Economics Regional Economics Economic Growth Economic Policies Economic Indicators Industrial Economics International Economics Managerial Economics Regional Development Agricultural Economics Management Finance Banking Accounting Buyer Behavior Corporate Governance Organizational Behavior Quantitative Methods and Their Applications Financial Management Decision and Risk Analysis Human Resource Management ----------------------------------------- Index/List/Archive CNKI-Scholar CrossRef WANFANGDATA LinkedIn ResearchGate ResearchBib Yahoo Google Scholar Canadiana ResearchBib Base Search CrossRef Worldcat PKP Open Archives Harvester Lockss Publons ISSN PORTAL Refereed Journal: International Business & Economics Studies is a Refereed Journal. Open access: International Business & Economics Studies is available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself." Peer review: International Business & Economics Studies takes peer review policy. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work (peers).
Authors who publish with this journal must agree to the following terms: Authors should promise that their works are entirely original, and all the references in their works should be appropriately cited or quoted. The works have not been published previously. The behavior of submitting the same work to other journals is unacceptable. The journal editor has the right to edit the format of works.
Research on the Construction of a Financial and Accounting Supervision System in Universities from a Governance Perspective
With the constant growth and growing complexity in the operational scale and financial operations of contemporary universities, setting up a strong financial and accounting supervisory system has become an important part necessary in order to safeguard financial safety, enhance the allocation efficiency of resources, and keep public accountabilities. But the old style supervision models tend to have dispersed responsibilities, emphasize post event compliance, and lack internal review, so they can't deal with modern issues like a range of different funding sources, complicated global collaborations, and a lot of money put in. This article delves into the creation of an overall supervisory mechanism for finance and accounts in universities from the viewpoint of governance: It claims that universities can go beyond simply checking whether the rules have been followed, and really get involved with overseeing the institution’s finances strategically by using ideas from modern corporate and public governance like being accountability, clear about what is happening, letting people take part, and looking ahead to see which dangers you might fall into. It carefully looks into the main shortcomings of past supervision systems, which don’t give prompt assurance or align with the university’s strategic objectives. It offers up a multi-dimensional control scheme that gives oversight responsibility a new home. It stresses on the governance body (such as the Board of Trustees or University Council) being the undeletable key player, the creation of an independent and financially knowledgeable audit committee who are in full control, integrating the enterprise risk management (ERM) deeply into every financial and strategic decisioning process and optimizing every single aspect of internal control processes by using accepted standards. Moreover, it stresses the critical importance of taking full advantage of nowadays information technology and data analyses so as to improve real- time monitoring, finding anomalies, and making sure the transparency of information to all kinds of shareholders. To create an all-round, pro-active, and forward-looking supervisory environment so as to not only prevent financial irregularity and waste but also actively drive the real inaction of strategy and guarantee the long-term sustainable development of higher education institutions, the proposed system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hongru Yao http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Feedback Effect of the Geographic Distribution of Jewelry Consumption Markets at the End of the Silk Road (Europe, North Africa) on Upstream Origins during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
The movements of the silk road trade during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was not simply a one way flow of goods from East to West, but a circular and recursive system wherein consumer demands from downstream markets fed back into upstream production systems. This paper studies the particular impact of the jewelry and luxury ornament consumption market in Europe and North Africa on the manufacturing centers of China from the 14th to 19th centuries. With the maritime trade routes overtaking land routes, “jewelry” went from barter and exchange of loose gemstones to a market of goods like filigree silver, Cantonese enamels, and mounted organic stones. The European market demanded more customization and specific adaptations due to the popularity of chinoiserie and the growing colonial wealth, Chinese workers had to change previous motifs and use technologies like painted enameled ones. Concurrently, the North African market, which was both consumers of specific beadwork and ornaments and suppliers of Mediterranean red coral, applied a different set of production standards that focused more so on religious or cultural use. This study uses historical trade data and material culture analysis to show that due to the geographic separation of these markets, Chinese production centers were forced into a specialization that led to a separation of export-style from domestic-style jewelry and ornamentation in Guangzhou (Canton). The findings show that the economic as well as aesthetic feedback from far-flung markets was mainly responsible for technological invention and the labor division in late imperial China’s luxury craft sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yun Wang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Integration of Digital and Real Economy and Enterprise Competitiveness
Against the backdrop of the surging global digital wave and the multiple challenges faced by the real economy, the integration of digital and real economy has become a key issue for enterprises to enhance their competitiveness. The research selects the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2013 to 2022 as the research object, empirically examines the promoting effect of the integration of digital and real economy on enhancing enterprise competitiveness, and further analyzes and discusses the mechanism effects of cash level, technological innovation, and information disclosure on enhancing enterprise competitiveness. The following conclusions are drawn: First, the integration of digital and real economy can significantly promote the growth of enterprise competitiveness, and this positive effect remains valid after endogenous and robustness tests. Second, the integration of digital and real economy positively regulates the growth of enterprise competitiveness by influencing the cash level, technological innovation ability, and information disclosure quality of enterprises. Third, from a macro perspective, the promoting effect of the integration of digital and real economy on the growth of enterprise competitiveness is greater in the central and western regions; from a micro perspective, the promoting effect of the integration of digital and real economy on the growth of enterprise competitiveness is greater in private enterprises. Results enriches the traditional theory of enterprise competitiveness, expands the research scope of the integration of digital and real economy, and provides factual support and policy implications for enhancing the degree of integration of digital and real economy in China and promoting the high-quality development of economy in China.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuchun Liu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Market Position as a Source of Competitive Advantage in Future Industry 6.0
Historically, companies have struggled to understand the voids that characterise growth markets, such as a less stable political environment, complex business culture, and limited financing and availability of skilled labour, among others. They have often taken mature infrastructure foundations in developed markets for granted and are therefore caught off guard when they find these lagging in developing economies. In addition, companies also fail to distinguish between the nuanced differences in institutional voids between growth markets. China, for example, is characterised by issues such as limited availability of local managerial talent and a relatively underdeveloped capital markets system, while the Brazilian landscape faces supply chain bottlenecks, the influence of trade unions, and complex bureaucratic systems. On the other hand, companies looking to operate in the Russian market need to be aware of intellectual property risks and the need to establish local subsidiaries to raise capital. Companies have also been caught off guard by the rapid pace of evolution that characterises growth markets, creating new uncertainties in business conditions. Therefore, factors such as unpredictable regulatory and legal systems, nimble and innovative local competition and evolving tastes and quality expectations of the consumer, need careful consideration from multinationals looking to expand into these regions. On the other hand, many of the players operating locally in growth markets today are also looking to become the new-age multinationals of tomorrow, by expanding to new shores. These companies would need to understand the relevance and applicability of their home advantages beyond domestic borders, while repositioning themselves to tackle challenges such as limited brand awareness or supply chain gaps in new regions. Research Objective: The research investigates on how domestic companies could make use of the relevance and applicability of their home advantages beyond domestic borders, while repositioning themselves to tackle challenges such as limited brand awareness or supply chain gaps in new regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saurav Kumar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the Rule of Law Practice Path for Improving Government Efficiency in the Business Environment of Private Enterprises
In 2024, China's private economy has supported half of the GDP. In this situation, a good business environment has become a necessary requirement for building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development. For private enterprises, the efficiency of government services and the guarantee of the rule of law are the "dual engines" for optimizing the business environment - the former determines whether the enterprise "operates smoothly", while the latter ensures the "expected stability" of the enterprise. However, actual research in many places shows that there are still difficulties such as "policy implementation discounts", "inconsistent law enforcement standards", and "multiple cross departmental trips". How to solve the pain points of business environment development through legal means, promote the transformation of the government from "management oriented" to "service-oriented", and from "extensive" to "precision oriented", and identify the root causes and target solutions to problems has become an important issue in optimizing the business environment for private enterprises. Breaking the dilemma of the business environment requires a transition from "management" to "service", and from "rule of man" to "rule of law". Local governments are guided by the idea that "the rule of law is the best business environment", always striving to set an example and provide high-quality services for market entities. They actively explore practical paths of "institutional constraints on power and service transmission warmth", and use various measures such as the rule of law to build "friendly" and "clean" political business relationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dali Tian http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence Empowering the Internationalization Strategy of SMEs in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Study Based on Dynamic Capabilities and Real Options Theory
Amidst the dual backdrop of the digital economy wave and increasing global uncertainty, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is profoundly reshaping the logic and pathways of firm internationalization. This study focuses on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging markets, aiming to explore how their AI capabilities influence strategic choices in internationalization. By integrating dynamic capabilities theory and real options theory, this paper constructs a theoretical framework, proposing that AI capabilities empower SMEs to adopt more proactive and flexible market entry modes and expansion strategies through two core mechanisms: "environmental uncertainty reduction" and "strategic flexibility generation." Employing a mixed-methods research design that prioritizes questionnaire surveys supplemented by multiple case studies, the study collected and analyzed data from 327 internationalized SMEs in China and Southeast Asia. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that a firm's AI capabilities (encompassing three dimensions: data analytics, intelligent prediction, and process automation) have a significant positive impact on the degree of internationalization (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and the preference for low-commitment entry modes (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Case studies further elucidated the critical role of AI in scenarios such as real-time market insight, supply chain risk simulation, and cross-border intelligent customer service. This research not only expands the theory of firm internationalization in the digital age by conceptualizing AI as a core dynamic capability but also provides practical guidance for SMEs in emerging markets seeking to leverage digital technology for "agile internationalization" within complex global environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Junjie Lei http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0