Binarism within Polarity Dimensions in Lebanon: A Qualitative Interpretive Analysis of Competing Lebanese Perceptions toward the Resistance Movement in its Conflict with Israel

Abstract

Lebanon has historically experienced political, sectarian, ideological, and international divisions that shape public debates and national identity. Among the most prominent issues is the role of the resistance movement, particularly Hezbollah, in its conflict with Israel. This study employs a qualitative interpretive methodology to analyze binary divisions within Lebanese society concerning support for or opposition to the resistance movement. The analysis synthesizes academic literature, public discourse, political narratives, media coverage, and recent research to illustrate how societal factors shape divergent viewpoints. The findings identify several key factors influencing Lebanese perspectives, including resistance versus sovereignty, security versus instability, nationalism versus transnationalism, protection versus provocation, and communal survival versus authority. Supporters of the resistance movement frequently regard it as a legitimate means of defending the nation against Israeli aggression, whereas critics perceive it as a threat to state sovereignty and a source of persistent conflict. The study demonstrates that both perspectives are informed by distinct historical experiences, collective traumas, identity formation processes, and security concerns. Overall, the research indicates that binarism functions as a social and political mechanism in Lebanon, shaping public opinion and reinforcing divisions.