Strengthening Local Governance in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis of Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Interventions

Abstract

Local governance is central to democratic development, ensuring participatory, transparent, and accountable decision-making while fostering inclusive service delivery. This study critically examines the Union Parishad system in Bangladesh, focusing on its effectiveness in promoting equitable governance, particularly for marginalized groups and women. Using a mixed-methods approach—incorporating key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and desk reviews—the research explores policy frameworks, systemic challenges, and opportunities for strengthening local governance.

Findings reveal that bureaucratic inefficiencies, financial dependency, political interference, and socio-cultural barriers significantly hinder governance effectiveness. While Union Parishads play a pivotal role in local service delivery and development planning, their impact remains constrained by weak institutional capacity, lack of financial autonomy, and limited public engagement. The study highlights the urgent need for governance reforms, emphasizing gender-responsive strategies, increased financial independence, community participation, and digital governance solutions. Policy recommendations include strengthening legal enforcement, enhancing financial decentralization, promoting participatory governance, and leveraging digital platforms to improve transparency and efficiency.

By addressing these governance gaps, Union Parishads can evolve into more effective and inclusive institutions, contributing to equitable local development in Bangladesh. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers, development practitioners, and local government stakeholders, paving the way for a more resilient and participatory local governance system.