Structural Optimization and Mechanical Performance Analysis of Combined Permanent–Temporary Construction Access Roads under Heavy Loads

Abstract

Construction access roads constructed for highway projects are frequently subjected to traffic loads that exceed those considered in conventional pavement design. To evaluate the applicability of the permanent–temporary integration concept, a highway project in Shaanxi Province was selected as a case study. Three representative pavement structures were established in ABAQUS and analysed under concrete transport vehicle loading conditions. The simulation results indicate that both the stiffness and thickness of the supporting layer have a significant influence on pavement behaviour. An increase in subgrade stiffness reduces slab stress and promotes load diffusion, whereas a thicker supporting layer is more effective in controlling pavement deflection. Compared with the surface layer modulus, changes in subgrade properties produce a more pronounced effect on the overall structural response. Considering mechanical performance together with construction cost, a single-layer pavement consisting of 30 cm C40 concrete was identified as the most suitable alternative for the investigated project. The findings may provide useful references for the design and optimization of construction access roads subjected to heavy traffic loading.