Research in Health Science (RHS) is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal which is published by Scholink. The journal aims to promote excellence through dissemination of high-quality research findings, specialist knowledge, and discussion of professional issues that reflect the diversity of this field. We would welcome scholars and researchers engaging in the related field to submit your manuscripts which are complete unpublished and original works and not under review in any other journals to Research in Health Science. Both of online submission and E-mail submission (rhs@scholink.org) are acceptable. The scopes of the journal include the following topics: public health health psychology community health health information mental health behavioral health environmental health healthcare nursing nutrition health policy health services health economics health protection health education The journal is included in: Academic Journal Articles Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) CiteFactor CNKI Scholar CrossRef Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI) Electronic Journals Library (EZB) Globethics.net Journalseek JournalTOCs OCLC- WorldCat Open J-Gate Publons Refseek academic search engine ResearchBib Scientific Indexing Service (SIS) The Scientific Literature Database (Scilit) Standard Periodical Directory WZB Library Open access: Research in Health Science is available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself". Peer review: Research in Health Science takes peer review policy. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work (peers).
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The Illusion of Escalation: A Critical Reassessment of Rising Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence: Case of Lebanon
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely recognized as an increasing global health issue, with many studies noting rising case numbers and forecasting significant future impacts. This paper critically evaluates the accuracy of these projections, suggesting that the perceived rise in CRC cases is primarily driven by three major non-epidemiological factors: global population growth, advances in medical information systems and cancer registries, and greater public awareness from health campaigns. When these factors are considered, the notion of a CRC surge may be greatly overstated. This work advocates for a revised understanding of CRC trends that includes raw incidence data alongside demographic, technological, and social changes. To support this, a quantitative analysis was conducted using secondary historical data from 1995 to 2025, employing multiple regression, robustness checks, and descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that awareness campaigns and internet access significantly influence the reported increase in CRC cases in Lebanon. These results challenge simplified views of rising incidence and underscore the importance of accounting for reporting and awareness efforts. They help clarify the actual factors affecting decision-making and guide prevention strategies by government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and healthcare providers aiming to reduce CRC cases both in Lebanon and globally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ale J. Hejase, Ali A. Haidous, Ahmad A. HejaseBazzi, Hussin J. Hejase http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Oxygen Intervention on Heart Rate Variability and Cognitive Function among Individuals Consuming Alcohol at High Altitude
This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of different oxygen administration methods on cognitive impairment and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) induced by alcohol consumption at high altitude. A repeated-measures experimental design was employed, recruiting healthy adult volunteers (M=60) who consumed moderate alcohol under high-altitude conditions. HRV and cognitive function assessments were conducted before, during, and after alcohol intake. Two intervention methods were applied: nasal oxygen inhalation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.The results demonstrated that oxygen administration significantly mitigated the alcohol-induced reduction in HRV. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in 7 out of 12 HRV parameters: Time-domain indices: MeanHR, RMSSD, SD1; Frequency-domain indices: LF, HF, VLF, TP. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed pronounced efficacy in improving MeanHR, LF, HF, and TP, while nasal oxygen exhibited greater effects on SD1, RMSSD, and VLF. Among the four cognitive function indicators, two indicators with significant oxygen intervention effects were identified: executive control function and inhibitory control function. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention demonstrated significant improvement in executive control function, while nasal oxygen inhalation showed pronounced effects on inhibitory control function. These results indicate that oxygen therapy significantly ameliorated the reduction in heart rate variability and cognitive impairment induced by the combined effects of high-altitude exposure and alcohol intake.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chen Wang, Jiaqi Liu, Pei Wang, Mingli Xi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Effect of Learning Attitude on Perceived Stress and Academic Self-efficacy of Chinese Nursing Students under the Hybrid Teaching Mode: A Cross-sectional Study
Background: The hybrid teaching mode is a kind of teaching mode developed and applied in teaching activities from the perspective of "Internet+". This mode deeply integrates online teaching and offline classroom teaching, breaks through the limitations of time and space, and achieves the teaching goal of taking students as the main body and teachers as the leading role. The hybrid teaching mode has become the most popular teaching mode in Chinese universities. However, it is not clear how this teaching mode affects students’ learning attitude, pressure perception and academic self-efficacy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between perceived stress, learning attitude and academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students under the hybrid teaching mode, and provides reference for hybrid teaching. Design: A cross-sectional study. Settings and participants: From June 2022 to July 2022, the study was conducted using a convenience sample of 166 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in Xi’ an, China. Methods: Perceived Stress Scale, Learning Attitude Scale and Academic Self-efficacy Scale were administered to the nursing students by questionnaire star. Results: Undergraduate nursing students scored 2.69 ± 0.59 on the Perceived Stress Scale, 3.51 ± 0.57 on the Learning Attitude Scale, and 3.41 ± 0.61 on the Academic self-efficacy Scale. The total academic self-efficacy score was significantly negatively correlated with the perception of loss of control dimension of perceived stress (P<0.01), and was significantly positively correlated with undergraduate nursing students learning attitude and all its dimensions except the professional perception dimension (P<0.01). Learning attitude was a partial mediator between stress perception and academic self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students, with proportion of effects of 49.68%. Conclusion: Under the hybrid teaching, the undergraduate nursing students perceived stress is at a lower level, and their learning attitude and academic self-efficacy are at a medium to upper level. Perceived stress and learning attitude have a negative and positive impact on academic self-efficacy, respectively. Learning attitude plays an intermediary role between the undergraduate nursing students' perceived stress and academic self-efficacy; The academic self-efficacy of nursing students can be improved by helping them establish a positive learning attitude and reduce their perceived stress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yue Lin, Kun Li, Yang Li, Mei Huang, Zhuo Liu, Yan Hua, Chunping Ni http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reflections on the Scientific Nature and Modernisation of Traditional Chinese Medicine from the Perspective of Systems Science
Due to differences in scientific and cultural backgrounds, the theoretical system of Traditional Chinese Medicine did not pass the test of the "principle of sensory priority" prevalent during the era of classical physics. Consequently, it was not organically integrated into the modern scientific system founded upon the basis of classical physics. For an extended period, its scientific validity has been widely questioned. However, modern scientific research has indeed abandoned the absolute status of this principle. An appropriate black-box nature is more aligned with the developmental direction of cutting-edge disciplines such as systems science. The commensurability between systems science and Traditional Chinese Medicine can provide robust support for the scientific validity of TCM theory and offer insights for its modernisation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiaying Wang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Factors Affecting Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Infertility Combined with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Objective: To investigate the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This study enrolled 100 infertile PCOS patients. Based on polysomnography results, participants were divided into PCOS-only (AHI <5) and PCOS-OSA (AHI ≥5) groups. Clinical parameters, endocrine profiles, and metabolic markers were compared, with logistic regression analysis identifying independent risk factors. Results: Elevated body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (INS), and triglycerides (TG) were identified as significant risk factors for OSA. In contrast, total testosterone (T) levels showed a negative association with OSA risk. Conclusions: The comorbidity of PCOS and OSA is strongly associated with disturbances in reproductive endocrine function and glycolipid metabolism. Routine OSA screening should be implemented in the clinical management of infertile PCOS patients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiena Li, Ya Liu, Bo Chen, Weiwei Sun, Yanping Sun, Mei Wang, Wenming Cao http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Current Status of Perioperative Nursing Care for Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Rotational Thrombectomy
This paper reviews the current status of perioperative nursing care for patients undergoing coronary artery rotational thrombectomy. Drawing on multiple domestic and international literature sources, it summarizes specific nursing measures during the perioperative period of coronary artery rotational thrombectomy, analyzes the shortcomings of current nursing protocols in China, provides theoretical basis for clinical nursing, and proposes future research directions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chenxi Li, Peng Sun http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Establish an in Vitro Immune Rejection Response for the Receptor to Realize the Transplantation of NK Cells from Different Species
Healthy adult grass turtle as the donor, draw 10ml of blood, prepare PBMC, isolate and extract purified grass turtle NK cell suspension. Healthy male Big dog is a receptor. Under anesthesia, 200 milliliters of venous blood is extracted out of the body, enters the blood cell separator, extracts plasma and lymphocyte components, a total of 115 ml, and puts a blood collection bag with heparin sodium. After preserving 10ml plasma, divide the lymphocyte plasma into 3 bags of 35 ml each. Storage. Take 1 bag of Big Dog Lymphocyte Plasma 35ml, dilute isovolume physiological saline, inject 15ml of grass turtle NK cell suspension, produce a mixed lymphocyte plasma between Turtle and Big Dog, and put it in the incubator. On the third day after mixing, the immune rejection began, and the grass turtle NK cells accounted for 76% of the dead cells. On the fifth day, the response peaked. Grass turtle NK cells accounted for 92% of the dead cells. On the 10th day, the immune rejection response was stationary, and 28% of the grass turtle NK cells survived, achieving a non-rejective peacekeeping coexistence state with the receptor Big Dog lymphocytes. When this group of grass turtle NK cells that have undergone the immune rejection test of the receptor Big dog in vitro are imported into the Big dog body with the Big dog lymphocytes, they are no longer regarded as heteroactive antigens by the receptor Big dog immune system and are not attacked by immune rejection. It became an integral part of the lymphocytes in the Big dog, and the experimental plan for the transplantation of xenogeneic NK cells from grass turtles into Big dog has been completed.‌ During the natural survival period of grass turtle NK cells, we can select the blood at a different time to prepare the peripheral blood mononuclear cell PBMC of the Big dog. According to the principle of autologous NK cell retransfusion, we can isolate and cultured mixed NK cells of grass turtle and Big dog in vitro, and retransfuse them into the Beagle. Through staining comparison, grass turtle NK cells can also be specially selected from the mixed NK cells of grass turtle and Big dog for isolation and culture in vitro, and returned to the Big dog. Both methods belong to autologous NK cell retransfusion therapy. The article expounds the clinical significance of establishing an in vitro immune rejection for the receptor, and points out that establishing an in vitro immune rejection for the receptor is a routine test that must be carried out by allogeneic immune cell transplantation and the problem of disparity between the in vivo and in vitro survival environments of immune cells.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jianchen Lin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discussion on the Benefits of Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II MSI-H Colorectal Cancer
Background: There is no consensus among mainstream guidelines worldwide regarding adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer patients with stage II microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) after surgery. This study aims to further explore the benefits of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for this group of patients through a retrospective study and assist in guiding clinical decision-making for this group of patients. Methods: Finally a total of 140 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022, with postoperative pathological stage II (T3-T4N0M0) and molecular test results of MSI-H were retrospectively collected. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded through outpatient and telephone follow-ups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate DFS and OS, and the logrank method was used for significance testing; Univariate and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze prognostic factors. Results: There were differences in age groups between the chemotherapy group and the non-chemotherapy group (adjuvant therapy acceptance rate in patients under 65 years old: 68.2% vs 25.0%, P< 0.01), but no significant differences in the remaining clinical data and pathological features (P > 0.05). Median survival was 49.2 months (3.3-89.1 months), and 3-year DFS and OS were 90.0% and 93.6%, respectively; The DFS (p=0.011) and OS (p=0.022) in the postoperative chemotherapy group were significantly prolonged. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high-risk features including age > 65 years, no adjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node dissection < 12 were associated with poorer prognostic. Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on oxaliplatin in patients with stage II MSI-H colorectal cancer prolongs DFS and OS.
Copyright (c) 2025 Keqi Xiang, Hua Tang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Massage Combined with Non-surgical Spinal Decompression System Traction on the Pain Level and Motor Function of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation
Objective: To investigate the effects of massage combined with non-surgical spinal decompression system traction on the pain level and motor function of patients with lumbar disc herniation (Lumbar Disc Herniation, LDH). Methods: From June 2023 to June 2024, 120 patients with LDH who were admitted to the massage department of Taihe Hospital in Shiyan City were selected. All patients originated from the orthopedic rehabilitation ward. All patients were randomly divided into the control group and the combined group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional massage treatment, while the combined group received non-surgical spinal decompression system (Non-surgical Spinal Decompression System, NSSDS) traction in addition to massage. The changes in visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), straight leg raising angle (SLR), and lumbar range of motion (ROM) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the total effective rate was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Intra-group comparisons were performed using paired t-tests, and inter-group comparisons were performed using independent sample t-tests. Count data were analyzed using the χ² test. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After treatment, both groups showed significant improvements in VAS, ODI, SLR, and ROM compared to before treatment (P < 0.05), and the improvement in the combined group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The VAS score of the combined group decreased by (4.78 ± 0.91) points, which was better than that of the control group (3.68 ± 1.04) points (t = 6.12, P < 0.001); the improvement rate of ODI was significantly higher (t = 5.78, P < 0.001); the SLR angle and ROM were significantly improved (t = 4.96, P < 0.001). The total effective rate of the combined group was 93.3%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (78.3%) (χ² = 4.25, P = 0.039). Conclusion: Massage combined with non-surgical spinal decompression system traction can significantly alleviate the pain of patients with lumbar disc herniation, improve lumbar range of motion and daily functional impairment, has high safety, and has better clinical efficacy than simple massage treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shihu Wang, Shijie Li http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0