The Construction of a Low-altitude Ecological Monitoring System: The Impact on the Biological Community and the Governance of the Ecological Environment

Abstract

In the process of promoting the construction of smart cities, UAVs have been widely used, and low-altitude ecological monitoring has become an important tool for urban governance.The use of UAVs by government departments to conduct grid inspections can make up for the shortcomings of ground patrols, find pollution sources, evaluate vegetation health, and obtain good ecological benefits.However, there are many types of aircraft flying in the buffer zones around the wetlands and rivers, and the flight paths are intersected. Artificial light, noise, rotor downwash and other factors have caused serious interference to amphibians and birds, resulting in negative externalities. Based on the environmental externality theory, digital governance theory, collaborative governance theory and other theories, this paper takes the low altitude flight route density and low altitude ecological inspection coverage rate as the core quantitative indicators, and systematically analyzes the impact of the low altitude monitoring system on the biological community and urban ecological system.In this study, the reasons for the rapid expansion of low-altitude flight routes are analyzed from the market, technology and system levels.In response, this paper puts forward a reasonable governance framework: first, to establish a dynamic control mechanism, divide the functional airspace reasonably, and strengthen digital supervision; secondly, to adopt standardized operational protocols; thirdly, to implement the ecological sensitivity principle; fourthly, to coordinate the relationship between departments; fifthly, to introduce market-oriented tools and internalize ecological costs.The research results can make the operation of the low altitude monitoring system more efficient, and also play an important role in the development of low altitude economy and urban ecological protection.