Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research
Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research (SSHSR) is an international open-access journal published by Scholink. The journal aims to provide a high-level platform for scholars and researchers all over the world to share latest findings and views in the field of Social Scienece, Humanities and Sustainability Research. We would welcome scholars and researchers engaging in the related field to submit your manuscripts which are complete unpublished and original works and not under review in any other journals to Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research. Both of online submissions and E-mail submission (sshsr@scholink.org) are acceptable. ------------------------------------------------ The journal includes, but is not limited to the following fields: Sociology Social Sciences and Humanities Anthropology Education Economics Arts and Culture Environmental Sustainability Psychology History Sustainable of Agricultural systems Sustainable Land Development Urban Planning and Development Renewable and Sustainable Energy Public Administration Political science Management Law Green Construction and Sustainable Development Ecology and Sustainable Development Climate change The journal will feature: Descriptive Articles, Research Reports, Relevant Reviews, Short Communications, Viewpoint Commentaries, and Case Studies. All submitted articles will be peer reviewed.
Authors who publish with this journal must agree to the following terms: Authors should promise that their works are entirely original, and all the references in their works should be appropriately cited or quoted. The works have not been published previously. The behavior of submitting the same work to other journals is unacceptable. The journal editor has the right to edit the format of works.
War in Iran, The Future in the Transitional Era
The article uses the historical principle of “free Church in free state” as the key to interpreting contemporary tensions in the Middle East. While in nineteenth-century Italy it sanctioned the separation between religious and civil power, today this distinction is impracticable in countries such as Iran, where religious leadership also exercises political control. The US-Israeli intervention is interpreted as an attempt to change the Iranian theocratic structure, favoring an evolution similar to that of Sunni countries such as Saudi Arabia, engaged in economic and technological reforms. However, the region remains unstable, mainly due to the centrality of oil, a resource that not only finances governments but fuels rivalries and external interventions. The world seems to be divided into two blocs: energy producers and consumers, with alliances dictated more by energy interests than by political ideologies. The Strait of Hormuz, which is crucial for oil traffic, is the most vulnerable point, and its closure could generate global inflation and economic tensions. The tensions and war in the area are also read for the economic fallout (speculation, inflation), but above all in relation to dependence on oil and the inevitable transition to an economy “beyond black gold”. In this context, the role of renewables and nuclear power to ensure energy continuity is emphasized, contrasting the Saudi model of modernization (Vision 2030) with an Iran described as more oriented towards nuclear leverage. The future will have to deal with the decline of oil and the progressive transition to renewables, nuclear and, in perspective, fusion. Humanity will only play a central role if it can rely on science, collaborate and abandon empty ambitions such as wealth and power, which do not respond to real needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Giovanni Antonio Cossiga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Linguistic Critique of Sadock’s Speech Act Theory
This study is a linguistic critique of Sadock’s (1974) speech act theory. Considering the fact that speaker-meaning is intentional content of speech act, deep and surface structure analyses which are essentially based on language structure/grammar, are worthy of scholarly attention. In such deep and surface structure analyses, propositional contents of clauses are brought to the fore. Sadock’s speech act theory is mainly a linguistic one. In his book, ‘Towards a Linguistic Theory of Speech Acts, Sadock contends that explicit performatives show that illocutionary forces cannot be ruled out of speech act theorizing. Arguably, Sadock’s speech act theory elucidates formal properties of language. This study hinges on two theoretical frameworks: Ogden and Richards Concept of Meaning and Transformational Generative Grammar. The study concludes that although Sadock’s speech act theory is a suitable framework for understanding illocutionary act/illocutionary force within clause-structure and grammar constsraints of language, it does not emphasize the pragmatic underpinnings of human communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umar Rashida (PhD) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In the essay, the author starts from a paradox: no people desires war and no parent would choose to expose their children to death, yet conflicts in the world increase. The author hypothesizes that this increase may be a “transitory” phase towards a more peaceful future but recognizes that the phenomenon remains a puzzle and requires identifying the factors that, in contemporary societies, open the way to enlistment and even offensive wars. At the base there is first of all the desire to prevail, which feeds rivalries and logic of domination. Added to this is the relative scarcity of goods and resources, which pushes individuals and groups to accumulate far beyond what is necessary; this dynamic translates, in modern times, into an endless race for enrichment and power. A further “fuel” of conflicts is identified in social hatred and envy of the well-being of others, feelings that, added to inequalities, make it easier to accept or justify confrontation as a solution. The author then addresses the political knot: how can a community be forced to wear the uniform and fight when the majority of families would be against it? Even in democracies, he argues, the decision to war is in fact in the hands of the government and parliament, representative bodies that can act without a specific popular mandate on that choice. This disconnect would be favored by the decline in political participation compared to the post-war period: less militancy, less public debate, less widespread control over the “hottest” decisions, including military ones. To make the reasoning concrete, the US example is recalled and the foreign and military policy choices decided even in the presence of internal dissent. He also links the persistence of conflicts to economic and financial interests, citing in particular the role of oil and speculation (including through rising energy prices), which can indirectly support the continuation of wars and generate negative effects on the global economy. In this context, secrecy and the concentration of decision-making in restricted circles (“a small living room”) also weigh heavily, sometimes justified by operational needs but capable of reducing transparency and democratic accountability. On the ethical level, the text recalls the moral condemnation of war expressed by the Pope and, on the legal level, art. 11 of the Italian Constitution, which repudiates war as an instrument of offense against the freedom of other peoples. The author concludes by indicating a basic direction of reform: to really reduce conflicts, we need a model oriented towards common welfare, the distribution of surpluses and finally a market without money with access to the families of the destitute, capable of limiting the excessive accumulation of wealth and inequalities that fuel resentment, competition and, finally, war.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giovanni Antonio Cossiga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Capital and Job Quality among Female Industrial Workers: Resource Mobilization, Worker Agency, and the Role of Trade Unions
Industrial employment has expanded economic opportunities for women in developing economies, yet access to employment does not necessarily translate into better job quality. This study examines how social capital shapes the job quality of female workers in industrial zones, with particular attention to the mechanisms through which social relationships are converted into employment-related resources and capabilities. Drawing on secondary data, academic studies, institutional reports, and documented trade union practices, the study adopts a qualitative, document-based approach and distinguishes among bonding, bridging, and linking social capital. The findings indicate that these forms perform distinct but complementary functions. Bonding social capital primarily provides emotional, material, and everyday support that strengthens workers’ resilience; bridging social capital broadens access to information, learning, training, and occupational opportunities; and linking social capital connects workers to institutional resources, representation, rights, and mechanisms of worker voice. Trade unions emerge as particularly important institutional brokers of linking social capital by facilitating access to information, services, representation, and social dialogue. However, social capital is not uniformly beneficial: closed networks, reciprocal obligations, power asymmetries, and gender norms may constrain workers’ capacity to mobilize network resources. The study proposes an analytical pathway in which social capital influences job quality through access to and mobilization of resources and the strengthening of worker agency. It concludes that improving women’s job quality requires not merely stronger social connections but more diverse and institutionally connected networks that enable workers to convert social resources into economic security, skills, voice, and occupational opportunities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dang Xuan Giap http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0