World Journal of Social Science Research
World Journal of Social Science Research (WJSSR) is the first journal of Scholink in the field of social science. The mission of WJSSR is to provide a high-level platform for experts and scholars all over the world to share their latest ideas of social science and foster the prosperity of the discipline. We would welcome scholars and researchers engaging in the related field to submit your manuscripts to WJSSR. Both of online submission and E-mail submission (wjssr@scholink.org) are acceptable. ----------------------------------------------------------------- The journal focuses on the following fields: Sociology Anthropology Economics Political science Psychology Education Language and linguistics Law History Culture Environment Food Health Nutrition Social Sciences and Humanities Arts and Culture Public Administration Management Intelligent Information Teaching and Learning Agriculture Engineer Science and techniques Urban research Nursing Sustainability The journal is indexed with: Academia Academic Journal Articles AMICUS Base Research Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) CiteFactor CNKI Scholar CrossCheck CrossRef Cosmos Impact Factor Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI) Electronic Journals Library (EZB) Global Impact Factor (GIF) Google Scholar Journalseek JournalTOCs Linkedin LOCKSS Library and Archives Canada Open J-Gate PKP Open Archives Harvester Refseek academic search engine ResearchBib Scientific Indexing Service (SIS) Standard Periodical Directory Universal Impact Factor Yahoo Worldcat WZB Library WANFANGDATA Zeitschriftendatenbank (ZDB) Open access: World Journal of Social Science Research is available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself." Peer review: World Journal of Social Science Research takes peer review policy. Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people of similar competence to the producers of the work (peers).
Authors who publish with this journal must agree to the following terms: Authors should promise that their works are entirely original, and all the references in their works should be appropriately cited or quoted. The works have not been published previously. The behavior of submitting the same work to other journals is unacceptable. The journal editor has the right to edit the format of works.
An Approach towards Ecological Sustainability in the Beauty Industry
The beauty industry is one of the most profitable and influential sectors globally, which means it has social, environmental, and moral responsibilities. Identifying and implementing strategies to meet these obligations is a significant challenge for the beauty industry. This study provides an overview of the leading technologies currently being investigated as alternatives for sustainability in the beauty industry. Discusses the industry’s environmental impact and identifies the critical drivers for change. The literature review classifies the approaches to ecological sustainability in the beauty industry into four categories: biotech beauty, bioremediation, bioeconomy/circular bioeconomy, and biomimicry. The essential characteristics considered in each approach were deduced biocompatibility, biodegradability, biomass-based materials, and expression biology. It will be a sustainable long-term solution to ensure that the beauty industry, with its extensive resource consumption and expansive supply chain, does not negatively impact the ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2024 Eun-Young Park http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the U.S.-ROK Alliance from the Perspective of Alliance Dilemma —Taking the Government of Yoon Seok-youl as an Example
This article explores the formation, development, current status, and future direction of the U.S.-ROK alliance from the perspective of the alliance dilemma theory. By analyzing the changes in the U.S.-ROK alliance under the leadership of the Yoon Seok-youl government, this article delves into factors such as asymmetry, deepening military cooperation, trilateral cooperation under the threat of North Korea, as well as the impact of competition between China and the United States, imbalanced public opinion and economic cooperation in South Korea on the alliance relationship. The article believes that although the U.S.-ROK alliance is closely cooperating strategically, it still faces complex challenges, and its future direction will depend on the interweaving and game of multiple factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ziheng Zhou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toward an Index on the Liberalization of Cultural Products in Trade Agreements
Cultural products (including goods and services) mainly comprise newspapers, magazines, books, films, video and music recordings, radio and television, either in traditional or digital format. Insofar as such products reflect the cultural identities of states, a trade and culture debate has ensued as to whether, or the extent to which, they should be exempted from international trade obligations. In recent decades, the proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) and the digital revolution have rendered the debate ever more salient. If the liberalization of cultural services, notably audiovisual ones, has been well documented at the multilateral level, it is much a work in progress for PTAs. To help in this endeavour, the article presents a numerical index, to measure the degree of liberalization of cultural services within the universe of PTAs. Alongside detailed qualitative analyses, a numerical index allows systematic comparisons of the degree of liberalization of cultural products in trade agreements, distinguishing notably across specific states and agreements.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gilbert Gagné, Heather McKeen-Edwards http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Counter-Terrorism in Nigeria: Challenges and Possible Solutions
This study examines the challenges to combatting terrorism in Nigeria. The Nigerian Government has used a variety of counter-terrorism techniques. These techniques include the formation of institutions, the involvement of security agencies, the use of civilians as security personnel, and amnesty. These steps are intended to combat terrorism in the country. The study revealed that the challenges undermine Government’s efforts in counter-terrorism. The study concluded that to effectively combat terrorism in Nigeria, these challenges must be addressed. The study further, proffers solutions by way of recommendation for combatting terrorism in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayoola Abuloye, Enobong Ogundari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN AGEING SOCIETY WITH THE WORST VERSION OF AGEING
This paper seeks to present some dilemmas surrounding the ageing society, considering that not even the minimum social imaginary has yet been created around an issue that implies changes in the cultural, economic and urban order, among others. Thus, the imminence of an ageing society is inversely proportional to the awareness of it. This has consequences that are both mutational and thanatic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Alejandro Klein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Insider Trading and Regulatory Efficiency in Europe
How insider trading affects market efficiency and whether it should be regulated has long been controversial. Nowadays, it is widely recognised that insider trading is a harmful activity in capital markets and should be prohibited. However, proponents of insider trading argue that it should not always be viewed as a destabilising, illegal and harmful market practice. This paper attempts to organise their views and evaluate the arguments of the proponents on three levels: legislation legitimacy, corporate governance and market efficiency. Based on a critical analysis of these arguments, the paper states that regulating insider dealing therefore becomes a legal imperative, aiming to ensure the proper functioning of markets, safeguard them from illegal practices, and maintain investor confidence in the premise that the markets offer a fair trading environment in a context of informational equality and transparency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xinyuan Fang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Current Situation of Innovation Activities in Women-Owned Tourism Enterprises in Northern Vietnam
This study explores the current state of innovation among Women-owned Tourism Enterprises (WTEs) in Northern Vietnam, emphasizing adaptive strategies, barriers, and institutional influences. Using enterprise-level survey data from 110 firms and guided by the Oslo Manual (2018), the analysis employs descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to assess innovation intensity, constraints, and institutional support mechanisms. Results indicate that 93% of surveyed enterprises introduced new or improved products and services over the past three years, averaging 5.17 process innovations per firm. However, most innovations remain incremental and service-oriented due to financial constraints, limited human capital, and weak collaborative networks. The EFA identifies three key latent dimensions of barriers-resource-capability, institutional-coordination, and structural-social-explaining 73.6% of total variance. Firm size shows a marginally significant effect, with larger firms exhibiting stronger absorptive and investment capacities. The findings highlight that women’s innovation behavior in tourism is contextually adaptive yet structurally constrained, shaped by social capital and institutional linkages. The paper concludes with recommendations to develop a Women Tourism Innovation Index (WTII), promote gender-responsive financing, and strengthen digital transformation and cross-sectoral partnerships to enhance women’s innovation capacity and contribute to inclusive, sustainable tourism development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pham Thi Nhan, Lai Xuan Thuy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empowering Social Digital Governance through a Digital Economy Platform Integrating All County-Level Data: Mechanisms, Practical Challenges and Implementation Pathways —Taking X City as an Example
This study focuses on the underlying mechanisms of county-level digital governance, taking X City in Yunnan Province as an example. Using data empowerment theory, collaborative governance theory and complex systems theory, it constructs a three dimensional analytical framework of “element aggregation-collaborative evolution-system resilience” to explore the enabling mechanism, practical dilemmas and implementation paths of the digital economy platform integrating county-level full-element data for social digital governance. This study reveals that X City has significantly improved government decision-making efficiency through full-element data aggregation. Simultaneously, in the process of collaborative evolution, governance subjects are evolving from “government-led” to “platform-driving” and “pluralistic balance”, and the algorithm power game will be the core issue in future governance. Moreover, building complex system resilience requires a shift from traditional “rigid defense” thinking to an adaptive governance model integrating culture, technology and institutions. Furthermore, due to some practical obstacles (e.g., quality loss) during the refinement of digital governance, some strategies, including establishing an algorithm power balance mechanism, cultivating complex system resilience and solving technology adaptability dilemmas, are proposed to solve these issues. To sum up, this study provides both theoretical support for county-level digital governance and useful references for digital governance practices in other regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xi J. Huang, Ze Y. Yang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Problems and Optimization of Forest Rights Mortgage Loans in China Using Blockchain
Forestry has an important role in Chinese economic development, and the forest rights mortgage loan is an important mechanism to realize the value of forest resources. Its development is a part of the important strategic guidelines of inclusive finance and rural revitalization in China. After decades of development, the forest rights mortgage loan business has been promoted throughout the country. However, it faces obstacles in practice. Blockchain technology is considered as “the most influential revolutionary technology in the next few decades. With its advantages of transparency, traceability, and decentralization, it empowers the rural economy for the development of agricultural product traceability, rural financial services, and land management. We analyzed existing problems during and after the loan and proposed an optimization method from the technical, regulatory, and application perspectives based on blockchain. The method provides a reference for the future development of forest rights mortgage loans in China.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yun Jiang, Xiaoping Zhong, Junxia Hu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0