Strategic Considerations for Enhancing Civil Defense Systems in Subways and Underground Utility Tunnels Amid Evolving National Defense Mobilization Needs

Abstract

This paper is set against the backdrop of new national defense mobilization circumstances, and by reviewing and summarizing the functions of subways and underground utility tunnels during wartime, along with the characteristics of domestic and international subway and utility tunnel projects, it analyzes their critical roles in personnel shelter, evacuation, and pipeline protection. The paper discusses the construction of the civil air defense protection system, innovatively proposing some suggestions that may serve as references and examples for the development of civil defense systems in the urban subway and underground utility tunnels sectors in China.