Analysis of Parents' Awareness of HPV Vaccine and Influencing Factors on Vaccination Willingness for Their Daughters in Primary and Secondary Schools in Heze City

Abstract

Objective: To assess the awareness and vaccination willingness regarding HPV vaccine among parents of primary and secondary school girls in Heze City, and to identify key influencing factors, thereby providing evidence for improving local HPV vaccination coverage.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 550 parents selected by stratified cluster random sampling from October 2025 to January 2026. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results: A total of 506 valid questionnaires were returned (effective response rate 92%). The vaccination willingness rate was 63.2% (320/506). Educational level, monthly household income, and family history of cancer were significantly associated with vaccination willingness (P < 0.05). Hhigher educational level (university or above: OR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.09-8.66), monthly household income of 5000-10000 yuan (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.32-9.63), and a positive family history of cancer (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.11-4.76) were independent positive influencing factors.

Conclusion: The willingness rate for HPV vaccination among parents of girls in Heze City was 63.2%. Higher education, higher income, and family history of cancer were positive influencing factors. Although the present study did not directly measure actual vaccination behavior, a behavior gap likely exists in similar populations based on prior reports. Targeted health education and expanded free vaccination programs are needed to promote actual uptake.