Causes of Rural Urban Migration in Rwanda

Abstract

The primary objective of this research was to examine the factors behind rural-urban migration in developing countries, using Rwanda as a case study. Specifically, it sought to analyse the drivers of rural-urban migration in developing countries and the demographic influences on migrants. Only secondary data sources were utilized for this study. These secondary data were gathered through a review of reports from reputable institutions, as well as consultation of books, articles, and other scholarly materials. The findings indicate that rural-urban migration is prompted by a combination of push and pull factors. Push factors consist of factors such as diminished agricultural productivity, poverty, the aspiration for better opportunities, limited arable land, and high rates of unemployment. Conversely, pull factors encompass the attraction of more lucrative employment opportunities in urban centres, as well as access to improved services such as healthcare, education, and overall quality of life. Evidence also reveals certain demographic indicators that influence migration patterns. For instance, individuals within the middle age range exhibit a greater propensity to migrate compared to both younger and older age groups. Moreover, unmarried individuals are more likely to migrate than those who are married. Nevertheless, empirical evidence indicates that the factors compelling individuals to move from rural to urban areas outweigh those drawing them in the opposite direction in Rwanda. Consequently, in light of the aforementioned migration catalysts, it is advisable for the government to equitably allocate resources to both urban and rural regions, mobilize rural communities to enhance agricultural practices, and prioritize efforts to improve education in these areas.