Characteristics and Application Scenarios of Polymer Insulating Materials

Abstract

Polymer insulating materials, owing to their excellent electrical insulation properties, good mechanical strength, chemical corrosion resistance, and ease of processing and molding, have been widely applied in key fields such as power systems, communication equipment, electronic devices, transportation, and aerospace. With the continuous advancement of industrial electrification, automation, and intelligence, higher requirements are placed on the adaptability and reliability of insulating materials in operating environments. This paper systematically analyzes the fundamental properties of polymer insulating materials, covering multiple dimensions including dielectric constant, breakdown voltage, thermal stability, aging resistance, mechanical strength, and environmental adaptability. It also classifies and compares common thermoplastic, thermosetting, and special engineering plastics. Combining typical application scenarios, the paper deeply explores the practical application value of these materials in industries such as power, communications, automotive, rail transit, and aerospace. Additionally, it analyzes the challenges faced by current materials under complex conditions such as high temperature, high voltage, and high frequency, and prospects the development direction of intelligent and environmentally friendly polymer insulating materials. This work aims to provide theoretical reference and technical guidance for material engineering, electrical engineering, and related industries.