The Role of Social Capital in Enhancing Career Adaptability among University Students in the AI Era

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping labor markets and increasing the importance of career adaptability among university students. Despite growing research on AI literacy and employability, limited attention has been paid to the role of social capital in supporting students’ adaptation to AI-driven career environments. This study examines the relationship between social capital and career adaptability among Vietnamese university students.

Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines survey data from 256 students with semi-structured interviews involving students, lecturers, and recruitment specialists. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and thematic analysis were employed to examine the proposed relationships. The findings indicate that bonding, bridging, and linking social capital positively influence career adaptability, with bridging social capital demonstrating the strongest effect. AI literacy and academic performance partially mediate this relationship. Qualitative evidence further reveals that social capital facilitates access to career information, technological learning, emotional support, and professional opportunities.

The study contributes to the literature by integrating Social Capital Theory and Career Adaptability Theory within the context of artificial intelligence. The findings highlight that sustainable employability in the AI era depends on the interaction between social resources and technological competencies.