Life-course Trajectories of Work Productivity and Multidimensional Health: A Longitudinal Study of Childhood Socioeconomic Conditions in Aging Adults

Abstract

Background: Maintaining work productivity and good health is essential for healthy aging; however, their long-term co-developmental patterns remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to identify the joint longitudinal trajectories of work productivity and multidimensional health among middle-aged and older adults and to examine their associations with childhood socioeconomic status.

Methods: A group-based dual trajectory model was employed to identify joint trajectories of work productivity and multidimensional health. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations between childhood socioeconomic status and trajectory membership.

Results: Three distinct trajectories of work productivity were identified: low, decreasing, and high. Multidimensional health trajectories were classified as decreasing, moderate, and high. Individuals with persistently high productivity were more likely to follow a high health trajectory. Notably, some individuals with low productivity trajectories also maintained high health trajectories. Childhood socioeconomic indicators, including parental occupation and primary residence, were significantly associated with a decreasing productivity trajectory in later life.

Conclusions: Work productivity and multidimensional health demonstrate distinct yet interconnected developmental trajectories across middle and later adulthood. Early-life socioeconomic circumstances play a significant role in shaping these long-term patterns. These findings underscore the importance of a life-course perspective in designing policies and interventions to support healthy and productive aging.