Assessing Smart Library Internet of Things IoT Deployments for Improving User Experience and Resource Management in African Libraries

Abstract

Purpose:

This study synthesizes recent literature to assess Smart Library Internet of Things (IoT) deployments across African libraries, focusing on their capacity to improve user experience and optimize resource management. It evaluates infrastructural readiness, the effectiveness of core IoT technologies, data use for collection and allocation decisions, privacy/security challenges, and librarians’ digital literacy and training needs to support sustainable adoption. The review closes by proposing evidence-informed policy and practice recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach:

A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, sector reports, policy documents, and case studies published between 2015-2025. Databases searched included Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories. Search terms combined “IoT”, “smart library”, “Africa”, “user experience”, “resource management”, “privacy”, and “digital literacy”. Inclusion prioritized empirical and review studies addressing IoT deployment, data governance, and library transformation in African or comparable low-resource contexts.

Findings:

Literature indicates uneven IoT deployment across African libraries, driven by disparities in network infrastructure, funding, and policy frameworks. Proven technologies RFID, sensor networks for occupancy and environmental monitoring, mobile-based wayfinding, and integrated asset-tracking show potential to enhance discovery, access, and facility use. IoT-generated data can meaningfully inform collection management, space utilization, and procurement when coupled with analytics and governance structures. However, persistent gaps include cybersecurity vulnerabilities, weak data-protection practices, and limited librarian competencies in IoT systems and data analytics.

Practical implications:

Libraries should prioritize modular, low-bandwidth IoT solutions, invest in data governance and security, and incorporate targeted digital-skills training for staff. Cross-sector partnerships and phased pilots are recommended to de-risk investments. Policymakers and funders must align regulations and resources to support ethical, inclusive deployments.

Originality/value:

By consolidating interdisciplinary literature focused on African libraries, this review highlights context-specific barriers and opportunities for IoT adoption, offering a policy- and practice-oriented roadmap for researchers, library managers, and policymakers.