The Impact of AI-powered Chatbot on EFL Speaking: A Systematic Review of Chatbot-supported Language Learning

Abstract

Since the release of ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) by OpenAI in 2022, generative artificial intelligence has garnered considerable attention within AI-assisted language learning research. Researchers are increasingly investigating the transformative potential and limitations of AI-powered Chatbot on English as a foreign language (EFL), especially in the domain of speaking, However, there has been a lack of a systematic review summarizing its pedagogical benefits and challenged. This paper concludes that AI Chatbots are endowed with many promising affordances (e.g. enhanced speaking skills, less threatening environments and enhanced willingness to communicate, personalised learning experiences etc.) and some potential drawbacks (e.g. short-term appeal, technical limitations, students’ over-reliance and difficulties in writing prompts etc.). In the end, based on the research gap, this paper suggests that some influencing factors like gender and age should be taken into account when examining the impact of AI Chatbots on EFL speaking. What’ s more, study evaluating the use of AI Chatbots compared with other equivalent tools is highly advocated. In addition, a longitudinal study and research focusing on teachers’ perception towards AI Chatbots should be considered.